diff. diagnosis of key symptoms Flashcards
(30 cards)
1
Q
what can cause hypertension?
A
- endocrine- phaeochromocytoma, Cushing’s, Acromegaly, Conn’s
- essential hypertension
- pregnancy
- renal disease
- coarctation of the aorta
- chronic pancreatitis
- PKD
- sickle cell anaemia
2
Q
what can cause angina?
A
- atheroma
- anaemia
- aortic stenosis
3
Q
what can cause chest pain?
A
- ischaemic heart disease
- pericarditis
- pneumothorax
- pleurisy
- trauma
- aortic dissection
- hyperkalaemia
- oesophageal carcinoma
- sickle cell anaemia
- diffuse parenchymal lung disease
- pneumothorax
4
Q
what can cause dyspnoea?
A
- mitral stenosis
- heart failure
- aortic regurgitation
- dilated cardiomyopathy
- supraventricular tachycardia
- left ventricular failure
- aortic stenosis
- Alpha-1 antritrypsin deficiency
- GCA
- COPD
- asthma
- hypersensitivity pneumonitis
5
Q
what can cause fatigue?
A
- mitral stenosis
- cardiac arrhythmia’s
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- coeliac disease
- Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- anaemia
- Sjogren’s syndrome
- pulmonary hypertension
6
Q
what can cause oedema?
A
- congestive cardiac failure
- hypoproteinaemia
- mitral stenosis/ regurgitation
- anaphylactic shock
- DVT
- pulmonary hypertension
7
Q
what can cause palpitations?
A
- mitral stenosis
- heart block
- atrial fibrillation
- supra ventricular tachycardia
- ventricular tachycardia
- sinus tachycardia
- aortic regurgitation
- hyperthyroidism
- hyperkalaemia
8
Q
what can cause wheeze?
A
- asthma
- COPD
- bronchiolitis
- left ventricular failure
- anaphylactic shock
- hypocalcaemia
9
Q
what can cause syncope?
A
- aortic stenosis/ regurgitation
- arrythmia’s
- hypertrophic - cardiomyopathy
- TIA
- pulmonary embolism
10
Q
what can cause breathlessness?
A
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- STEMI
- anaemia of chronic disease
- iron deficiency anaemia
- byssinosis
- ## pulmonary embolism
11
Q
what can cause polyuria?
A
- diabetes mellitus- type 1
- Conn’s
- diabetes insipidus
- hypercalcaemia
- urinary tract obstruction
12
Q
what can cause weight loss?
A
- type 1 diabetes
- hyperthyroidism
- oesophageal carcinoma
- carcinoma of the stomach
- liver tumour
- renal cell carcinoma
- Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- CLL
- CML
13
Q
what can cause diarrhoea?
A
- hyperthyroidism
- Addison’s
- carcinoid syndrome
- GI tumour
- coeliac disease
- tropical sprue
- Crohn’s disease
- ulcerative colitis
- IBS
- primary biliary cirrhosis
14
Q
what can cause vomiting?
A
- DKA
- Addison’s
- Gastro-Oesophageal obstruction
- carcinoma of the stomach
- gastritis
- coeliac disease
- intestinal obstruction
- renal stones
- TIA
- subarachnoid haemorrhage
- extra-dural haemorrhage
15
Q
what can cause dehydration?
A
- DKA
- infective diarrhoea
- cholera
16
Q
what can cause lethargy?
A
- type 1 diabetes
- Cushing’s syndrome
- diabetes insipidus
- hypercalcaemia
- liver abscess
- pulmonary hypertension
17
Q
what can cause constipation?
A
- hypothyroidism
- Addison’s
- Parkinson’s disease
- intestinal obstruction
- haemorrhoids
18
Q
what can cause myalgia?
A
- hypothyroidism
- Addison’s
- systemic lupus erythematous
- GCA
- epilepsy
19
Q
what can cause renal stones?
A
- hyperparathyroidism
- Crohn’s disease
- hypercalcaemia
- excessive dietary calcium
- hypercalciuria
20
Q
what can cause anorexia?
A
- Addison’s
- SiADH
- hypercalcaemia
- small intestinal tumours
- liver tumours
- pancreatic carcinoma
- peptic ulcer disease
- Crohn;s disease
- ulcerative colitis
- appendicitis
- renal cell carcinoma
- Hodgkins lymphoma
- anaemia
21
Q
what can cause epigastric pain?
A
- carcinoma in GI tract
- peptic ulcer disease
- gastritis
- chronic pancreatitis
22
Q
what can cause dysphagia?
A
- Wilson’s disease
- volvulus of the stomach
- oesophageal carcinoma
23
Q
what can cause abdominal distension?
A
- intestinal obstruction
- IBS
- chronic cholecystitis
24
Q
what can cause jaundice?
A
- alpha-1 antritrypsin deficiency
- liver failure
- acute pancreatitis
- cholangitis
- haemolysis
- viral- CMV, EBV
- Wilson’s disease
- right heart failure
- pancreatic cancer
- gallstones
- malaria
- pernicious anaemia
- G6PD deficiency
25
what can cause haematuria?
- renal stones
- CKD
- PKD
- glomerulonephritis
- BPH
- UTI
- renal cell carcinoma
- bladder tumour
26
what can cause proteinuria?
- glomerulonephritis
- nephrotic syndrome
- renal stones
- CKD
27
what can cause urinary frequency?
- BPH
- UTI
- urinary tract obstruction
28
what can cause urinary hesitancy?
- BPH
- Prostate cancer
- urinary tract obstruction
29
what can cause seizures?
- meningitis
- encephalitis
- subarachnoid haemorrhage
- subdural haemorrhage
- sarcoidosis
- trauma
- stroke
- haemorrhage
- raised ICP
- liver disease
30
what can cause a cough?
- COPD
- asthma
- byssinosis
- bronchiectasis
- lung carcinoma
- TB
