Different Types of African Nationalism (4) Flashcards
Why was the ANC split?
They were split because the moderates felt that it should build a broad multi-racial opposition movement; they were opposed by a minority, calling themselves Africanists, who felt that Black Africans should organize separately.
Who supported the Africanist view?
Anton Lembede, who died in 1947, his ideas influenced the 1949 Programme of Action.
What is Africanism?
The belief that people of African descent have common interests and should be unified.
All around the world nationalism is rising in revolt against ____ domination, ____, and oppression.
Foreign
Conquest
What ideals is Africanism based on? (2)
- Africa is a black man’s country. Africans are the natives of Africa and they have inhabited Africa, their motherland, from time immemorial; Africa belongs to them
- Africans are one. Out of the heterogeneous tribes, there must emerge a homogenous nation. The basis of national unity is the nationalistic feeling of the Africans, the feeling of being African irrespective of tribal connection, social status, educational attainment or economic class.
What clarified what the CYL meant by Africanism in the context of South Africa’s mixed population?
The 1948 Basic Policy Document of the Congress Youth League.
What aims of Africanism were in The 1948 Basic Policy Document of the Congress Youth League?
i. the creation of a united nation out of the heterogeneous tribes;
ii. the freeing of Africa from foreign domination and foreign leadership;
iii. the creation of conditions that can enable Africa to make her own contribution to human progress and happiness.
What is Garveyism?
Racial and political doctrine advocating black separation and the formation of self-governing black nations in Africa. This brand of African nationalism is extreme and ultra-revolutionary.
What is the more moderate stream of Africanism which the ANCYL professed?
It insisted that a condition for interracial peace and progress is the abandonment of white domination, and such a change is the basic structure of South African society that those relations which breed exploitation will disappear. (Advocated for the progress fo all races)
What type of Nationalism did the ANC explain it supported in 1955 and where was this explained?
It was explained in the Freedom Charter, which rejected race as a means of defining African nationalism. it called for a democratic government for all South Africans, regardless of race.
The ___-____ of the Freedom Charter became a fundamental principle of ANC policy. It defined the South African nation as belonging to ‘_____________’.
Non-Racialism
‘all who live in it, black and white’
What is Charterism?
It is a non-racial poltical approach based on the principles of the non-racial Freedom Charter.
What did the Freedom Charter mark?
A strongly democratic development. Many South Africans, of all races and classes, contributed to writing the document and supporting it.
What happened to those who didn’t accept the non-racial approach of the Freedom Charter?
A group, led by Robert Sobukwe, broke away to form the Pan Africanist Congress in 1959.
What were the PAC’s reasons for breaking away from the ANC?
They accused the ANC of abandoning the ideals of the Youth League of the 1940s by moving away from ‘Africanism’ towards non-racialism. They felt that Africans should lead the resistance movement, and they opposed the idea of working alongside non-African political activists.
