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Differential Flashcards

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1
Q

Always check for:
If we see aorta, check for trauma or dissection.
PTX, Pneumoperitoneum
Isodense SDH
Fxs
Thinks CA for everything (urethral filling defect - long segment “TCC would not be expected to look like this but it would have to be a consideration”.
Cardiac attenuation versus scar. Look at 3D rotating views to eval breasts. Look for elevation of left diaphragm. Chk WM and contractility.
Cardiac nucs: TID, fixed, reversible.

A 
Repeated misses:
AFI
For every Ddx, add CA
Pelvic kidney
GB cancer (sludge? - move pt, check Doppler)
Scimitar
Epiglottitis
CP cysts
PDA: primi w jacked CXR. Consider when considering surfactant deficiency. 
Infarct on nucs cardiac scan. 
Free air in hepatorenal fossa. 
Isodense Subdurals. 
TB
MAI SI
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2
Q

Odontoid Erosion

A 
PLARD
Psoriasis
Lupus
AS
RA
Downs
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3
Q

Platybasia

A 
POOR
Pagets
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Osteomalacia
Rickets
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4
Q

Basilar Invagination

A 
PF ROACH
Pagets
FD
Rickets
OI, OM
Achondroplasia
Cleidocranial dysplasia
HPTH, Hurlers
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5
Q

Madelung

A 
Idiopathic
Turner's
Dyschondrosteosis (dwarfism)
Vascular insufficiency
Trauma
Mucopolysacharidosis
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6
Q

Short MC

A 
Idiopathic
Post traumatic
Turner's
JIA
Hypothyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
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7
Q

Large Echogenic kidneys

A

ARPKD
HIV
Acute Glomerulonephritis
Vasculitis

Meckel Gruber, T13

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8
Q

Small Kidneys

A 
ATH/Embolic dz
Post obstructive atrophy
HD
Chronic medical renal dz
Medullary cystic dz
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9
Q 
Large kidneys 
(variable echogenecity)
A

DM
CVD
Lymphoma/Leukemia

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10
Q

Synovial Cyst Ddx

A

Extruded disc fragment
Septic facet
Nerve sheath tumor
Asym lig flavum hypertrophy

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11
Q

Orbital muscle enlargement w/o

sparing of the MT jxs (thyroid spares)

A 
LIMPS
Lymphoma
Infection (Lyme)
Mets/myositis
Pseudotumor
Sarcoid (lacrimal mC)
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12
Q

Lacrimal gland enlargement

A 
LAPPSS
Lymphoma
Adenoid cystic CA
Pseudotumor
Pleomorphic adenoma
Sarcoid
Sjogrens
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13
Q

Intraconal mass

A 
Lymphoma
Hemangioma
Pseudotumor
NST
Mets
Wegeners, sarcoid
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14
Q

Plexiform NF

A 
Schwannoma
Meningioma
Hemangioma
Neuroblastoma
Glioma
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15
Q

High signal in pons

A 
Pontine glioma
Ischemia
MS
Central pontine myelinosis
Vascular malformation (50% of cap telangiectasias show increased T2)
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16
Q

Middle Ear Lesions

A 
Abberent carotid
Glomus tympanicum
Cholesteatoma
Jugular dehiscence 
Facial nerve NST
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17
Q

Neurocysticercosis

A 
VCGC
Vesicular
Colloidal vesicular
Granular nodular
Nodular calcified

Ddx: abscess, TB, mets, enlarged peri vascular spaces, crypto meningitis, toxo

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18
Q

Increased T1 Basal Ganglia

A 
Calcium/blood
Hepatic disease
TPN
Wilson's
Melanin
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19
Q

Increased T2 Basal Ganglia

A

Hypoxia
CO (GP) or CN
Wilson’s

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20
Q

Scizencephaly

A

SOD

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21
Q

Leukodystrophies - age of onset

A

XL adrenoleukodystrophy: teens
Alexander’s: infantile, juv, adult
Canavan’s: 4 months
Metachromatic: infantile, juv, adult

Meta is MC

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22
Q

Small smooth kidney

A

RAS (normal CS)
Post obs atrophy (dilated CS)

Nodular with scarring

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23
Q

Striated nephrogrm

A

RVT
Obst
Pyelonephritis

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24
Q

Adrenal adenoma washout

  • Relative
  • Absolute
A
  • Relative 40%

- Absolute 60% at 15 m

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25
Dense renal calcification
RCC TB XGP Prior trauma
26
Renal biopsy if concerned for?
Lymphoma Mets Infection Oncocytoma
27
GCT
Curretage and packing. Can bx to guide extent of tx. 5% will have pulmonary mets which are curable by resection
28
ABC
Curretage and bone grafting
29
How to screen for Pheochromocytoma?
Urinary catecholamines | MIBG
30
Decreased/no uptake on iodine scan?
``` Subacute thyroiditis Hypothyroidism (low TSH) Administered I (IV con, diet, rx) Anti thyroid meds (PTU) TH replacement - so TSH is low Ectopic thyroid/TH (struma ovarii) ```
31
Etiology of discordant thyroid nodule (hot on Tc, cold on I-123)
CA or Benign follicular adenoma (2/2 rapid iodine washout)
32
Gallium in lungs
Infection - PCP Lymphoma Sarcoid
33
Blurred image on bone scan (can be isolated to anterior or posterior image)
Off peak Camera too far from pt Poor labeling
34
Hot liver on bone scan
Mets (mucinous colon,ovary,breast) Hepatic necrosis Aluminum contamination Colloid
35
VQ signs Fissure sign? Stripe sign?
Figure sign: due to pleural fluid in fissures or pleural thickening. Stripe sign: perfused lung at periphery of an adjacent defect. Implies COPD.
36
Breast feeding
FTTGI FDG: 6h Tc: 24 hours Iodine: perm
37
Mail QC
White 1: .5 <10 mrem @ 3ft Net: .5, 50, 200 -, 1,10
38
What can give a similar appearance to FTD on SPECT?
Depression | Schizophrenia
39
Ga uptake in liver?
CA: HCC, Lymphoma, Mets Abscess
40
PET good for brain mets?
Not really because most mets are less metabolic than normal brain on PET. Get MRI instead.
41
COPD on VQ
Multiple matched VQ defects Trapping on washout if Xe Central deposition on DTPA
42
Treating bone mets - Requirements?
Life expectancy > 3m Good renal fx (or reduce dose) WBC > 2400 Platelets > 60,000
43
Non FDG avid lesions.
``` MALT/other low grade lymphomas Carcinoid BAC Certain TH cancers Prostate Large % of bladder and renal CAs Mets with low cellularity (mucinous) ```
44
Are cold nodules in setting of TNG worrisome?
No because cold regions usually represent poorly fx adenomas and ate less likely to be CA than a solitary cold nodule.
45
Non vis of spleen on SC Scan
Asplenia SC with auto infarction Splenectomy
46
Solitary cold nodule on thyroid scan
CA Non-fx Adenoma Colloid cyst
47
Loosening of hip prosthesis. Where is activity?
Tip and adjacent lesser trochanter.
48
Increased activity on sestamibi scan of neck?
Parathyroid adenoma Thyroid adenoma/CA Breast lesions: CA, fibroadenomas Thymoma
49
Congenital organification defect of thyroid.
Low TH Increased TSH No activity in Iodine scan Normal appearing pertechnetate
50
Multiple punctuate perfusion defects on VQ with normal ventilation and CXR?
Vasculitis | Fat or tumor emboli
51
Liver scan sign
Hepatitis | Bile duct obstruction
52
T/F? | PET sensitive for infection/inflammation but is not specific.
True
53
Lesion in greater troch in bone scan?
``` Chonsroblastoma GCT ABC FD Infection EG CA ```
54
Decrease temporal lobe activity on SPECT/PET?
Interictal Stroke Radiation necrosis Low grade tumor
55
Visceral microaneurysms
``` PAN Speed Mycotic aneurysms SLE Churg Strauss ```
56
Negative ulnar variance? | Positive ulnar variance?
Neg: Kienbachs Pos: impingement
57
Enchondroma on MRI
T1: low/int T2: lobulated high signal +: enhancing rim and septa Infarct usually has thicker rim on XR
58
Atlantoaxial subluxation
RA CPPD Down's Trauma
59
Marrow infiltration
``` Red marrow hyperplasia Chronic anemia Myeloproliferative disorders -P Vera, leukemia, lymphoma Myelofibrosis ```
60
Nodular SI fold thickening and LAD
MAI Whipple disease Lymphoma
61
Innumerable splenic hypodensities
``` Fungal infections Lymphoma/leukemia Sarcoid Gamma gandy nodule TB Mets ```
62
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- Hamartomas of stom, SI, colon - Decades 2-3 - Skin pigmentation , GI/GU CA
63
Cronkite Canada
- Hyperplastic inflammatory polyps (gastric) | - Loss of hair/nails, hyper pigmentation
64
Cowden Syndrome
AD Hamartomas of GIT, tongue, skin Breast and thyroid CA
65
Ddx for polyps
FAP (adenomatous) Hamartomatous (PJ, Cowden) Juvenile polyposis Hyperplastic polyps (Cronkite)
66
Macroscopic fat containing liver masses
HCC & adenoma (micro too) Liposarcoma Teratoma Micro: FFI, adenoma, FNh, HCC
67
Large splenic cyst
Simple cyst/epidermoid Echinococcal cyst Pancreatic pseudocyst Thrombosed aneurysm
68
Toxic megacolon
IBD C Diff,TB/Amebiasis Ischemia
69
Cone shaped cecum
``` IBD TB/Yersinia/Amebiasis Lymphoma Adeno carcinoma Appendiceal abscess ```
70
Caroli disease associations
ARPKD Medullary sponge kidney Congenital hepatic fibrosis
71
Peritoneal disease
Mesothelioma Peritoneal carcinomatosis (Ov/GI) Pseudomyxoma peritoneii Peritoneal TB
72
Plaque-like mass abutting bowel?
Endometriosis Serosal mets: panc, GI, abscess Abscess
73
Esophageal CA
``` AdenoCA SqCC Spindle cell GIST Lymphoma Melanoma ```
74
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
``` Idiopathic Bleeding Desmoplastic reaction 2/2 CA Infection/inflammation Methylsergide ```
75
Large exophytic cavitary small bowel mass?
Melanoma GIST Lymphoma Primary adrnocarcinoma
76
Benign esophageal tumors
``` Leiomyoma Fibrovascular polyp (cervical) Inflammatory EG polyp Fibroma Lipoma Neural tumor (schw, NF) ```
77
Liver/muscle on MRI
Normally has higher signal than muscle on both T1 and T2
78
Multiple pulmonary nodules
``` Mets TB/fungal Septic emboli Wegeners RA Varicella (Ca) ```
79
Centrolobular nodules
``` HP RB-ILD Endobronchial spread of tumor Endobronchial spread of infection Infectious brinchiolitis Pneumoconiosis ```
80
Coned epiphysis
``` SC Achondroplasia Beckwith Wiedemann Radiation tx Infections ```
81
Posterior VB scalloping
NF1 (skeletal NF) Achondroplasia Mass AS
82
Sinus destruction
``` Cocaine Wegeners Fungus Sinonasal sarcoid CA ```
83
Low density MS LAD
TB Fungus Metastatic seminoma
84
Consolidation in HIV
CAP TB PCP (cons in 10%) Lymphoma
85
Calcified MS LAD
Sarcoid Silicosis Tx lymphoma Histo
86
Lymphangitic spread
``` CCSBPTL Cervix Colon Stomach Breast Panc Thyroid Larynx ```
87
Mediastinal lipomatosis
Cushing's Steroids Obesity
88
Fat containing thoracic masses
Teratoma Lipoma Hamartoma Thymolipoma
89
``` Endobronchial mets (Same Ddx as miliary lung) ```
Melanoma Thyroid RCC
90
Fibrosing mediastinitis
``` Histo RPF RT RPF Meds Desmoplastic response to CA ```
91
Mounier Kuhn features
Trachebronchomegaly Tracheal tics Bronchiectasis
92
Kartageners
Situs inversus Sinusitis Bronchiectasis Infertility
93
Pan lobular emphysema
Alpha 1 Ritalin Swyer James IVDU
94
Obliterative bronchiolitis | Mosaic atten, GGO, air trapping
``` Viral/post infectious (swyer) Drug tox BMT RA IBD ```
95
Smoking related lung dz
RB: faint micro nodules, patchy GGO; upper RB-ILD: CL Nodules; upper (poss basilar reticulation) DIP: Basilar GGO, cysts, reticulation.
96
Inspiratory/expiratory CT
OB: air trapping more evident on expiration. Lucency due to trapping and diminished vascularity secondary to reflex vasoconstriction in setting of poor ventillation. VOD: Lucency does not change between I/E.
97
Tracheomalacia
``` Excessive collapse on expiration COPD Obesity Tracheal flaccidity in peds. Chronic inflammation ```
98
SPN post transplant
``` PTLD Atypical infection (Nocardia, Aspergillus) ```
99
Enhancing MS nodes
Castlemans Kaposis Vascular mets
100
COP
Cryptogenic Drugs (amiodarone, bleomycin) RA
101
Peribronchovascular nodules
Sarcoid Kaposis Lymphoma Lymphangitic spread
102
Inguinal hernias - direct vs indirect! MD
Direct: medial to inferior epigastric Indirect: lateral to inferior epigastric
103
Bull's eye lesion in stomach
Mets (melanoma, kaposis) Ectopic pancreatic tissue Aphthous ulcers
104
Pseudomyxoma peritoneii
``` Gelatinous ascites secondary to rupture of a mucinous tumor: Appendiceal mucocele Colon Pancreas Ovary ```
105
Bubbly bulb
``` Duodenitis (HP) Burners gland/lymphoid hyperplasia Nodular fold thickening (giardiasis, whipple) Polyps Ectopic gastric mucosa ```
106
Ribbon bowel
GVHD RT CMV
107
IVC tumors
``` Angiosarcoma Leiomyosarcoma Liposarcoma Malignant teraroma RCC, HCC, Adrenal ```
108
Aortic encasement
``` RPF Aortitis Lymphoma Sarcoma Aneurysm ```
109
Calcified liver lesion
``` FLC HCC (rare, mC in FLC) Echinococcal cyst Mets (mucinous, serous ovary) Granulomatous disease Hepatoblastoma ```
110
Delayed gastric emptying
DM Scleroderma (ab) Anticholinergics Obstruction
111
Calcific pericarditis
``` TB Uremia Viral RT Hemorrhagic pericarditis ```
112
Benign extraxial fluid
Up to 9 months Fluid is within the subarachnoid space so we will see vessels traversing space.
113
MAGICAL | DR
``` Mets Abscess GBM Infarct Contusion Demyelination Radiation Necrosis ```
114
SATCH MO
``` Sarcoid Aneurysm Teraroma Craniopharyngioma Hyp glioma, histio, hamartoma Mets, meningioma Optic glioma ```
115
Epididymal mass
``` Adenomatoid tumor Leiomyoma Sperm granuloma Cystadenoma Lipoma ```
116
Peritoneal masses
``` GI/GU malignancies Pseudomyxoma Mesothelioma TB Splenosis Endometriosis ```
117
Too and fro flow in renal artery
Acute tubular necrosis Acute rejection Renal vein thrombosis High grade obstruction
118
Elevate Resistive Indicies
``` Rejection ATN Pyelonephritis RVT Obstruction Drug toxicity ```
119
Early and Late renal transplant complications
Early: ATN, RVT, RAT, Rejection, urine leak/urinoma Late: RAS, Lymphocele, drug tox
120
Calcified lung metastasis
Osteosarcoma Chondrosrcoma Papillary thyroid Mucinous GI
121
Large heart
``` Congenital: Ebstein, Pulmonary atresia w intact septum DCM Effusion Rheumatic (MT MA) Multivalve dz ```
122
Small heart
Emphysema Decrease venous return (hemm, mass) Hypovolemia
123
Dilated RV & PA
Shunt | Pulmonic insufficiency
124
Mesocardia
Corrected transposition
125
Aorta to left of PA
L-transposition | D-transposition with situs inversus
126
R gastric artery
From proper hepatic: 50% From left hepatic: 25% From common hepatic: 10%
127
Transposition
D: Arterio-ventricular discordance L: Arterio-ventricular discordance, atrio-ventricular discordance. Morphologic LV on R, gives rise to PA.
128
Normal PA Ao D-trans Ao PA
L-trans Ao PA
129
Suprasellar dermoid Ddx? | Fat containing
Teraroma Craniopharyngioma Lipoma
130
Skull base lesions
``` Meningitis Sarcoid/TB/Cryptococcus Perineural spread is tumor Nerve sheath tumors Meningiomas ```
131
Brain stem lesion
``` Infarct Demyelination Vasculitis Glioma/mets Wallerian degeneration Toxic/Metabolic Vascular malf ```
132
Epididymal mass
``` Lipoma Adenomatoid tumor Sperm granuloma (post vast) Cystadenoma Hematoma Scar ```
133
Cavitary lung masses
``` Cancer - synchro SqCC, HN mets C - cancer A - autoimmune (Wegener's, RA) V - vascular (septic emboli) I - infection (bacterial/fungal) T - trauma - pneumatocoeles Y - youth: CPAM, infected sequestration, bronchogenic cyst ```
134
Peripheral opacities on CXR
``` A - alveolar sarcoidosis E - eosinophilic pneumonia I - infarction O - organizing pneumonia U - contUsion ```
135
Balls: Chronic Airspace Disease
``` BAC/BOOP Aspiration, Alveolar proteinosis Lipoid, Loeffler's (chronic) Lymphoma Sarcoid (alveolar) ```
136
Causes of round atelectasis
Asbestos Chronic empyema Hemothorax Uremic pleuritis
137
Miliary nodules
``` Dissem miliary TB Dissem fungal infection Sarcoidosis/silicosis Metastatic disease HP ``` Calc miliary: varicella, histo, silicosis, sarcoidosis, mets
138
Tree in bud
Bronchiole inflammation Endobronchiole spread of tumor or infection Aspiration Mucus in CF
139
Intracranial calcifications VIR M
Vascular malformation - infarct - hematoma - AVM - Sturge-Weber syndrome Infection: - neurocysticercosis - toxoplasmosis - TORCH Radiation Metabolic - hypoparathyroidism & hyper - pseudohypoparathyroidism - Fahr disease (iron)
140
Curcumscribed breast CA
Medullary Mucinous Papillary
141
Radial scar
Association with atypica and CA warrants excisional bx.
142
Excisional bx
``` ADH ALH LCIS Radial scar Papilloma ```
143
GI dup cyst
Most common Jej/ileum
144
Peds coarctation
Do MRI for ALARA | Look for bicuspid
145
Pleomorphic calcs Ddx?
DCIS ADH Fat necrosis
146
Splenic defect on SC
``` Infarct Splenectomy Malignancy Cyst Abscess ```
147
False positive meckels
Urinary tract activity Intussusception Duplication cyst Vascular malformation
148
False negative Meckel's
No ectopic mucosa Rapid washout Impaired blood supply to tic
149
Hepatomegaly with decrease hepatic activity in SC
``` Diffuse hepatocellular disease Mets Lymphoma Amyloid Hemochromatosis Sarcoid Passive congestion ```
150
Soft tissue uptake on bone scan
Renal failure Rhabdo/myositis Lymphedema MO
151
Budd Chiari on SC
Colloid shift with increased focal hepatic uptake due to caudate hypertrophy.
152
Renal transplant
ATN/cyclosporine: nl flow, del exc Rejection: decr flow/excretion RAO/RVT/hyperacute rejection: can give absent flow
153
Focal hepatic uptake on SC
Budd Chiari SVC Obstruction quadrate FNH
154
Cold defect on I-123
CA Non-fx adenoma Colloid cyst
155
Non visualization of kidney on MAG3
``` MCDK Nephrectomy Ectopia Agenesis Arterial occlusion Severe obstruction ```
156
Continuous diaphragm sign
Pneumomediastinum | Pneumopericardium
157
Carney's triad
Multiple chondromas GISTs Extra adrenal paragangliomas
161
DMSA defects
Infarct Scar from reflux Pyelo Space occupying masses
162
Causes of organizing pneumonia?
``` Infection Drugs: amiodarone, bleomycin RA Sjogrens Transplant IBD ```
163
Reversed diastolic flow in renal transplant
ATN Rejection RVT
164
NSIP Pattern: BL patchy GGO or BL GHO + retic
Amiodarone/Nitro RA/ scleroderma HP RT
165
Coarctation
Infantile: pre, diffuse Adult: juxta/post Freq assoc with bicuspid AV, Turners
166
Posterior mediastinal mass
``` Neurenteric cyst NST and Sympathetic tumor EMH LAD Spinal infection or mets CPAM, Sequestration Aneurysm Bochdalek hernia ```
167
SVC syndrome
``` Nearly equally divided among small cell and non small cell. Lymphoma Germ Cell In dwelling catheters Fibrosing mediastinitis RT Granulomatous dz (TB, sarcoid) ```
168
Aspergillosis
Aspergilloma: non invasive cavity colonization (MCly TB, sarcoid) Semi: mild immunosupression, cavitation and consolidation. Invasive: severe IC. Mult nodules with surrounding GGO. Air crescent.
169
PMF pattern
Silicosis Sarcidosis TB
170
Non cardiogenic pulmonary edema
``` Neurogenic ARDS Inhalational Drug OD Near drowning ```
171
TB
Primary: can look like anything - effusions, LAD, consolidation; LAD mC in kids and HIV; miliary mC in primary. Secondary: cavitation and consolidation.
172
Necrotic LAD:
TB, HN SQCC
173
HIV Lung
AS: CAP, Kaposi, lymphoma, LIP Nodular: lymphoma, TB, fungus
174
Basilar fibrosis
``` IPF Scleroderma Asbestosis Nitro, Bleo RA ```
175
NSIP/UIP - common causes
``` Idiopathic RA Scleroderma Nitrofurantoin HP ```
176
Mounier Kuhn
TBM Tracheal tics Bronchiectasis
177
Williams Campbell
Congenital form of cystic bronchiectasis, cartilage abnl
178
CF X-ray
- Atelecatsis - Nodular and fingerlike densities representing mucoid impaction - Bronchiectasis - Peribronchial cuffing - Hilar adenopathy - Pulmonary arterial hypertension - Recurrent PNA - Clubbing, HO - hyperinflation - Recurrent PTX common
179
Tracheomalacia
``` COPD Marfans Obesity Prior tracheal inflammation Immaturity ```
180
Small AWs dz with mosaic atten
BO GVHD Chronic rejection
181
Pulmonary cysts
``` LAM LCH LIP DIP HPV Emphysema Bronchiectasis Burt Hogg Dube ```
182
CL Nodules
HP RBILD Atypical infection Endobronchial spread of dz
183
Cystic bronchiectasis
Post infectious Primary ciliary dyskinesia Williams Campbell Tracheonronchomegaly
184
MS soft tissue infiltration
Lymphoma/leukemia Mets Esophageal rupture with acute mediastinitis Fibrosing mediastinitis Erdheim Chester (non LCH with soft tissue infiltration of the MS and bony sclerosis of metaph and diaph of long bones)
185
Pneumediastinum
Asthma Esophageal rupture Barotrauma Retroperitoneal air
186
Mesothelioma Ddx?
``` Metastatic adenocarcinoma Empyema Invasive thymoma Splenosis Lymphoma ```
189
Asymmetric Lucency CXR
STs: Poland/mastectomy Parenchymal: PTX, Swyer-James, CLE, emphysema, bulla AW: FB, endobronchial mass, bronchial atresia Arterial obstruction: PE, mass, atresia
190
BL Patchy GGO
Edema (effusions, cardiomegaly or non cardiogenic) Hemorrhage PAP PJP/atypical infection
191
Disappearing border sign
Pleural mets Fibrous tumor Fluid
192
Mass invading chest wall
``` Actinomyces TB Nocardia Sarcoma PNET Lung CA ```
193
Nodular IL septal thickening
CA Leukemia Amyloid
194
Portal HTN
Pre: thrombus, schisto Sinusoidal: cirrhosis Post: BC, HV or IVC occlusion
195
TIPS Contraindiations
Severe hepatic encephalopathy Severe liver failure R CHF PCLD
196
TIPS
``` RIJV Access Wedged pressures and venogram Create 16g tract Advance catheter Portal venogram and pressures Dilate tract Deploy Viatorr and dilate to desired gradient Coli embo varices ```
197
TIPS Comps
Bleeding HE R CHF Shunt failure
198
TIPS Flow Parameters
nl PV >30 cm/s TIPS v: 90-190, difference no greater than 100 Fugal in R and L PV towards TIPS
199
Microaneurysms
PAN SLE Septic emboli
200
Bronchial aa bleeding (particles)
CF TB CA Bronchiectasis
201
Vascular ring
Double arch R arch aberrant L Pulmonary sling
202
Indications for CDT of LE DVT (Reduces clot burden and DVT recurrence, thereby preventing the formation of PTS compared with systemic anticoagulation.
- Younger individuals with acute thrombosis - Long life expectancy - Few comorbidities. - Limb-threatening thromboses
203
VIR Abx
``` Biliary: Zosyn Nephrostomy: Levaquin UFE TIPS Chemobo Abscess drainage NOT: lines, bx ```
204
Digital vessel occlusion
``` Raynauds Emboli (heart, TOS, hammer) ATH Buerger's Vasculitis DM ```
205
Replaced versus Accessory
Replaced: vessel arises from another source Accessory: additional vessel
206
Aortic branches (rough)
``` T12: Celiac L1: SMA L2: Renals L3: IMA L4: Bifurcation ```
207
Bell shaped thorax
Juene Potter's. -oligo causing..., Muscular dystrophy Maternal anesthesia
208
Potter sequence
Constellation of postnatal findings that result from severe, prolonged oligohydramnios. It consists of : - Pulmonary hypoplasia (lungs require fluid and large kidneys restrict growth) - Growth restriction (IUGR) - Abnormal facies (low set ears, flat nose) - Limb abnormalities: club feet
209
Mucopolysaccharidosis
Oar shaped ribs Beaked VBs Bullet shaped MCs, phalanges MR (not Morquio's)
210
Thanatophoric
``` Narrow thorax Telephone receiver femora Platyspondyly Rhizomelic Cloverleaf ```
211
Juene's asphyxiating dystrophy
``` Acromelic Trident acetabulae Bell shaped thorax No platyspondyly or cloverleaf Bowed extremeties ```
212
Cleidocranial dysostosisl
``` Wormian bones Widened symphysis Absent clavicles Coxa vara Short tubular bones with extra epiphysis ```
213
TORCH
Celery stalk in Rubella Wimberger in syphillis: eroded proximal medial tibial metaphysis
214
Ddx of hip effusion
``` Septic hip Transient synovitis JIA Hemophilia Trauma ```
215
Unilateral shrinking breast
ILC Weight loss Inflammatory CA
216
Acetabular angle
On plain film: nl <30 degrees
217
Pelvic bone mass in kid
``` Ewing's Osteosarcoma Primitive neuroectodermal tumor EG Nb mets Infection ```
218
Lytic VB mass in kid
``` Infection ABC Hemangioma Osteoblastoma Mets Ewings EG Lymphoma ```
219
Bowed bones
Blouts (tibia) NF OI FD
220
Frayed metaphyses | CHARMS
``` Congenital infection (rubella, syp) Hypophosphatemia Achondroplasia Rickets Metaphyseal dysostosis Scurvy ```
221
Aperts
Coronal synostosis with Harlequin eyes and brachcephaly Hypertelorism Facial hypoplasia Syndactyly (fused)
222
Small L colon causes?
Maternal DM | MgSO4
223
Ddx Microcolon
``` Meconium ileus/Ileal atresia Small L colon Colonic atresia Total colonic Hirschsprungs Megacystis-Microcolon hypoperistalsis ```
224
Gastric distention with SI air
HPS
225
Ddx pediatric hydronephrosis
``` UPJO Reflux PUV Prune Belly Megaureter, megacalycosis MCDK ```
226
UPJO, MCDK assoc with contra lateral renal anomalies
UPJO | Reflux
227
Pachygyria
Fat gyri: a step below lisencephaly. Migrational anomoly like lisencephaly, heyerotopia.
228
Comgential heart disease - acyanosis and normal pulmonary BQ
AS PS Coarctation
229
Cardiac shunts - age at presentation
Large shunts (VSD, AVC): infancy Small shunts (ASD): childhood, early adulthood PDA: premature infants
230
CHF in newborn
- Extracardiac shunt: VOGM, hemangioendothelioma - Systemic: anemia, hypothytoid - L sided obstruction - Volume overload
231
When to suspect truncus?
Cyanosis early in infancy Cardiomegaly Increased flow R arch
232
Epiphyseal equivalents
``` Patella Calcaneus Carpal bones Grtr and lesser troch of femur Tuberosities of humeri ```
233
Epiphyseal lesions < 40 y & > 40y
Under 40: -Chonsroblastoma (matrix only in 50%), GCT, infection, EG, ABC (usually metaphyseal but can extend into epiph if growth plates have closed) Over 40: -GCT, mets, myeloma, infection, geode
234
Lis franc ligament
Lisfranc ligament diagonally connects the 1st (medial) cuneiform with the base of the 2nd metatarsal
235
Neuropathic joint | DS6
``` DM Steroids Spinal cord injury Syrinx Syphillis Scleroderma Spinal Bifida ```
236
AVN causes?
ETOH DM Steroids Gaucher's
237
Flexion versus extension teardrop
Extension: higher usually near C2, smaller avulsed fragment Flexion: lower CS, more severe, high risk of anterior cord syndrome and quadraplegia
238
Gout
Normal mineralization Preserved joint spaces Feet > ankles > hands > elbows Asymmetrical polyarticular
239
Intense edema near bone lesions.
OO/Osteoblastoma, chondroblastoma, EG, brodies
240
AS
Erosions/fusion @ Sternoclavicular, costochondral, costovertebral, pubis. Peripheral disease: Usually hip and shoulder (JSN, erosions, OPs)
241
DISH
Enthesopahty | Stylohyoid ossification
242
Diffuse periostitis
``` HO Venous stasis Thyroid acropachy Caffeys PG tx Pachydermoperiostitis ```
243
Ivory vert
``` LIMP Lymphoma Infection Mets Pagets ```
244
Posterior division of IAA
Lateral sacral | Superior gluteal
245
Tube checks in kids
Cystoconray
246
SCFE
Boys 13y Girls 11y LCP 4-8
247
Pachydermoperiostosis
Shaggy sub-periosteal bone formation and skin thickening
248
Arthropaty in atypical location (elbow/shoulder)
``` Trauma Disuse/neuropathy RA Deposition (HAD, gout, CPPD) Hemophilia Amyloid ```
249
IV disc calcs
Ochronosis | Acromegaly
250
RA
``` Periarticular OP and STS JSN Marginal erosions Subluxation Feet>knees>hips>CS>shoulder>elbow ```
251
Thinned ribs
Neurofibromatosis Osteogenesis imperfecta Trisomy 18 Gorham’s Disease
252
Wide ribs
``` Achondroplasia Fibrous dysplasia Rickets (rosary) Thalassemia Mucopolysaccharidosis - Hunter’s and Hurler’s Gaucher’s disease ```
253
UBC
PTA usually < 30y Cortisone Curretage
254
Terrible triad
ACL MCL MM
255
Ivory VB
LIMP
256
Dense bones
``` Regular sex makes occasional perversions much more pleasurable and fantastic R - renal osteodystrophy S - sickle cell disease (small spleen) M - myelofibrosis (big spleen) O - osteopetrosis (bone in bone) P - pyknodysostosis (acro) M - metastases M - mastocytosis P - Paget disease (expanded) A - athletes F - fluorosis ```
257
DISH
Can give enthesphytes and ligamentous calcs
258
Pediatric periosteal reaction
``` Abuse Physio TORCH PG Caffey Vitamin A Leukemia Mets SC Hand JIA ```
259
ST calcs
``` Tumoral Calcinosis (check Ca) HPTH MO CPPD Dermatomyositis Scleroderma ```
260
Jaffe Campanacci
NOFs | Cafe-au-lait
261
Sarcoid in fingers - Ddx?
TS Mets Enchondromas Myeloma
262
Intertrochanteric lesion
LSMFT FD Involuting lipoma
263
H shaped VBs
Osteoporosis SC Gauchers
264
Absent pedicel
``` OB OO ABC Infection Congenital absence ```
265
IV disc is vascularized in kids
So infection to disc can occur hematogenously
266
Pheo
Urinary catecholamines
267
Adrenal masses
``` Adenomas Nodular hyperplasia CA: Mets, carcinoma, lymphoma, NB Pheos Granulomatous disease Myelolipoma Cyst Hemorrhage (sepsis, trauma, coagulopathy, Waterhouse friedrickson) ```
268
KIDNEY CANCER STAGING | The American Joint Committee on Cancer
T: T1 and T2 - Within the renal capsule. Size threshold 7 cm. T3 -Outside capsule or into vessels but not beyond Gerotas. T4 -Outside Gerota’s fascia N: N1- Retroperitoneal LAD N0 - No nodes M: Distant mets: Liver, bones, brain, adrenal glands and non regional LAD (Neck, chest, pelvis) Kidney Stage Grouping M1 is always Stage 4 N1 is always stage 3 T stage corresponds with Stage grouping T1-T4 = Stage 1-4
269
Lucent stones | Steinstrasse
Urate Cystine Indinivir
270
Hystero- | Salpingography
SIN TB Endometriosis
271
Goldman classification
1. Stretch 2. Posterior above UGD 3. Posterior below or crossing UGD 4. Bladder base 5. Anterior
272
If you see renal parenchmal calcs or urethral structures even bin m, think TB.
If you see renal parenchmal calcs or urethral structures even bin m, think TB.
273
MTX
Mass < 4 cm No HR No rupture
274
Adnexal mass
``` Ectopic Ovarian CA Cyst Endometrioma Teratoma TOA/tube ```
275
PUV
Thick, valve-like membrane of Wolffian origin, courses obliquely from verumontanum distal prostatic urethra. Valve is actually a diaphragm with central pinhole that gradually distends and becomes windsock-like structure.
276
Molar pregnancy Ddx and prognosis?
Ddx: RPOC, hydropic degeneration of placenta. ``` Prognosis: Requires evacuation 80% resolve post evac Met chorioCA in 5% Invasive mole in 15% ```
277
Bladder wall calcification SCRITT
``` Schistosomiasis Cytoxan Radiation Interstitial cystitis TB TCC ```
278
Urethral stricture
``` TB Schistosomiasis (calcs too) Scar Tumor (intrinsic/ex) LAD Endometriosis ```
279
Low osmolality contrast and premedication for individuals with contrast allergy.
True
280
Peds low bowel obstruction pattern. Approach?
Start with contrast enema. If we suspect Hirschsprungs, barium would be choice. Otherwise Cystoconray. We avoid Gastrograffin due to its osmolality, propensity for fluid shifts and the need for IV fluids.
281
``` When we see GS? YS? FP? HR? ```
GS? 4.5w YS? 5w (by MSD 8 mm) FP? 5.5w (by MSD 16 mm) HT? 6w (CRL of 5 mm)
282
Demise?
MSD >= 25mm w/o YS or FP If = 7mm w/o HR
283
S/D ratio in umbilical artery
4. 25 at 16w | 2. 5 at term
284
Echogenic bowel on fetal US
Chromosomal TORCH CF
285
Multifocal: same quadrant Multicentric: different quadrants
True
286
DCIS Subtypes
Comedo Cribiform Solid Micropapillary
287
Rod like calcs
Plasma cell mastitis
288
PASH
May be followed mammographically post bx; respect if sxs, rapid growth or suspicious components on bx.
289
Carcinoid
5-HIAA
290
Pheochromocytoma
Catecholamine breakdown products
291
Bladder and esophageal masses, consider......
Leiomyoma
292
Orthotopic uretetoceles
Occur in single CS as opposed to ectopic Usually UL, asx, incidental Consists of prolapse of distal ureter into bladder Pseudoureterocele is more irregular and can be due to obstructing mass or stone
293
Parosreal osteosarcoma Ddx?
MO | Osteochondoma
294
Shoulder neuropathies
Supra scapular nerve compression: SS, IS Parsonage Turner: can affect SS, IS, Tm. Quadrilateral space: Tm, deltoid.
295
Dural AVF
Sinus occludes Small AVFs open to bypass occ Blood from ECA recruited
296
Drop mets
Medulloblastoma in kids | GBM in adults
297
Leptomeningeal enhancement
Sarcoid <> TB | Carcinomatosis
298
JPA location
Cerebellum, lateral
299
Absent bowtie
2: Discoid
300
Cord infarct
Central ring or owl eyes
301
AVM tx
Must tx nidus with glue, ETOH, particles.
302
Bronchial Aa embolization | >300 cc/day
Particles
303
Mesenteric ischemia
Chronic: bypass Acute: surgical to remove necrotic bowel. Embolectomy can be preformed at that time.
304
Thrombosed HD access | Grafts easier to declot
Pharmacologic: 5 mg tPA + 5000u heparin. Venous anastomoses dilated and Fogarty balloon used to pull clot towards venous. Mechanical: Trerotola
305
Epiphyseal fragmentation
``` AVN (SC, Gaucher) OM Trauma Hypothyroidism LCP ```
306
Large left to right shunts can lead to lung hyperinflation.
Evidenced in AV canal case in Duke peds
307
Lymphatic malformation
Encases vessels
308
Non immune hydrops
``` Trisomies TORCH Structural cardiac abnl Arrhythmia Shunts (VOGM, hemangio) ```
309
Oligohydramnios
PROM Renal Demise
310
Pars Tensa MC Prussacks (scutum/mall) Pars Flaccida mesotympinum Develop from chronic infection
Congenital is basically an epidermoid and occurs in the petrous apex.
311
Cock's deformity?
Common cochlea and vestibule
312
Mondini?
Spiralization abnormality w less than 1.5 turns of the cochlea.
313
Ramsey Hunt?
Herpes of facial nerve. | Ddx: Lyme, sarcoid.
314
Unilateral skin thickening and trabeculation?
``` CA Mastitis Trauma RT Lymphatic obstruction ```
315
Mammo QC
Processor - daily | Phantom - weekly
316
Negative concordat breast biopsy follow up?
6, 12, 25.
317
NT and NF
NT: 11-14w, inner margins on axial NF: 15-21w, outer occip bone to outer skin, saggital.
318
BW syndrome
``` Congenital overgrowth disorder: Macroglossia Omphalocoele Hemihypertrophy Organomegalies Hepato, neuro, panc blastomas ```
319
Polyhydramnios
CNS (anancephaly) High gut obstruction Hydrops TTTS
320
Fetal VM
Chromosome AS Chiari, DW TORCH
321
T18
CP cysts Rocker bottom Strawberry skull Clenched fist
322
Echogenic chest mass?
CPAM CDH Sequestration Echogenic lung from obstructed bronchi.
323
Ligamentum teres (obliterated umbilical vein)
Divides L into medial and lateral.
324
PIED - C: simple Ddx for adnexal mass in young woman.
``` Pregnancy (ectopic) Infection (abscess) Endometrioma Dermoid Cancer ```
325
Thickened endometrium
Premenopausal: nl, anovulatory, RPOC, fibroids Post menopausal: hyperplasia, polyps, CA, tamoxifen, fibroids
326
Thyroid US
Hashimoto's: MCC hypothyroidism in US. Lymphoma. Heterogeneous on US. Atrophy at end stage. Graves: gland enlargement, may be slightly hypoechoic, occasional heterogeneity. Hypervascular. Subacute: poorly marginated areas of decreased echogenecity.
327
Prostate cancer Ddx
CA Focal prostatitis Scar
328
American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual 7th edition.
True
329
Fatty infiltration of the liver
DM Obesity Steroids
330
Retroperitoneal LAD
Renal Testicular Lymphoma
331
Bouveret syndrome
Refers to a gastric outlet obstruction secondary to impaction of a gallstone in the pylorus or proximal duodenum
332
Calcified lung mets
Sarcomas (OS, Chondro) | Carcinomas (mucinous, papillary)
333
Echogenic kidneys
``` HIV Acute glomerulonephritis SLE Goodpasturesw DM ```
334
Mean PA pressure
<25/10 | Mean 15
335
Cardiac stress: tracer injected at peak stress, defined as:
``` HRBPP HR Chest pain EKG changes (STD 3, STE 1) Mets 10 Decreased SBP of 20 ```
336
Secondary findings of ischemia
Lung activity RV activity TID
337
TTN Surfactant deficiency = RDS Meconium aspiration
Name reminders
338
Fetal double bubble Ddx?
``` Duodenal atresia Normal stomach imaged obliquely Duplication cyst Choledochal cyst Renal cyst Bowel obstruction ```
339
Carotid US velocities
Normal S/D: 125/40 | >70%: 230/100
340
Thyroid CA that does not accumulate Iodine
Medullary Anaplastic Undifferentiated Dedifferentiated
341
Lung uptake on bone scan
Hypercalcemia or its treatment. Ijy
342
SI bleeding
``` AVM Meckels Chrons CA Polyps ```
343
RVEF
5-10% below LVEF
344
False + sestamibi
Thyroid adenoma Thyroid carcinoma LAD from sarcoid
345
False (-) PET
``` Mucinous Carcinoid BAC MALT Thyroid HCC ```
346
PET SUV
SUV = Concentration/ (Dose/Pt Weight) 2.5 cutoff
347
Flat L heart border implies clockwise cardiac rotation. Concave PA segment can imply deceased PA BQ as seen with Ebstein.
True
348
KTW
Vascular malformations | Bone and ST hypertrophy
349
Mass displacing stomach on UGI
Splenomegaly Pseudo cyst GIST
350
Omental cake
Ovary Colon Breast
351
Gastric emphysema
Iatrogenic Emphysematous gastritis (infectious, pts sick) Ischemia Perforation of ulcer
352
Male breast abnormalities
CA Lipoma Abscess Hematoma
353
Breast MRI indications
``` High risk (lifetime > 20%) Eval extent of dz Treatment response Positive margins after lumpectomy Breast mets with unknown primary ```
354
Excisional bx
ADH LCIS Radial scar Papillomas
355
Metachronous
Other breast at different time
356
Bubbly bulb
Duodenitis (HP, Crohns/TB, Whipples) Lymphoid/Brunners Polyps Ectopic gastric mucosa
357
Small bowel filling defect
``` Lipoma Hamartoma Adenoma Hemangioma CA (adeno, melanoma, lymphoma) ```
358
Nodular SI mucosa
``` Polyps Lymphoma (sep of loops) Amyloid Crohns/TB/MAI/MAI/MAI Lymphoid hyperplasia Whipples, Giardia DON'T FORGET CROHNS AND LYMPHANGIECTASIA ```
359
Small bowel outpouchings
Scleroderma Crohns SI diverticulosis
360
If u say Crohns on a GI study, also say.......
TB
361
Ribbon bowel
GVHD Radiation Celiac Infection (strongoloides)
362
Colon polyps
2/3 adenomatous Hyperplastic 2nd MCC Malignant polyps
363
Multiple colon filling defects
``` Polyps (adenomas, hyper, malig) Mets Lymphoid hyperplasia Crohns Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis ```
364
Pelvic abscess
Trans gluteal Infra piriformis Abutting sacrum
365
Hyper vascular liver met
Carcinoid = first option
366
MS brain and spine Ddx:
``` MS Vasculitis Lyme Sarcoid ADEM PML ```
367
Intramural masses below conus
``` MPEpendy Schwannoma Meningioma NF Drop mets ```
368
MAGICAL DR
``` Mets Abscess/aneurysm Glioma Infarct Contusion AIDS lymphoma Demyelination Resolving hematoma ```
369
Favors VB met
Bowing Pedicle involvement Epidural or other mass
370
Favors OP compression
Nl BM signal Retropulsion of fragments Low signal band on T1/2
371
Astrocytoma
MC spinal tumor in kids
372
Ranula
Simple and diving (below mylo) | Retention cysts of the sublingual gland or sublingual region minor salivary glands
373
Transverse myelitis
2/3 cord 2 VBs Variable enhancement Must exclude other potential etios: MS, tumor, infection, sarcoid, lupus.
374
Multiple lytic lesions in skull
``` Myeloma Brown tumor EG Mets Amyloid ```
375
AA subluxation
``` RA Lupus Geisel syndrome (post viral T-lig lax) Downs OI ```
376
PRES
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Sepsis Eclampsia Drug Toxicity
377
Cranial US
3-5d 10-14d 28d
378
ADEM Ddx Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
``` ADEM MS Vasculitis PRES PML ```
379
Ddx central pontine myelinosis Extrapontine myelinosis (50%): BG, cerebral WM
Ischemia Demyelination Neoplasm Vascular malformation
380
Septum pellucidum mass
``` Central neurocytoma SEGA IV meningioma CP neoplasm Ependymoma ```
381
T1 bright
``` Blood Gado Fat Calcium Melanin ```
382
Hamartoma
1/3 calcs 1/2 fat Doub time 400d so they can grow. If fat, no w/u. If Indy, PET or bx though PET can be positive.
383
Loeffler's causes
Drug rxn Allergy Parasitic infection
384
Post pneumonectomy
Cavity should fill with fluid and MS should shift to pmeonectomy side over time
385
Pulmonary renal syndromes
GoodP: anti-GBM Wegeners: cANCA Primary angiitis: pANCA Alveolar hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis. Wegeners can have sinus destruction, nodules, AW narrowing
386
DNET | PNET
Dysemnryoplastic Primitive Neuroectodermal tumors
387
TBOP
Tracheopathia Osteochondroplastica
388
OP
Infection Drugs CVD IBD
389
Epiphyseal lesions
Chonsroblastoma GCT EG Infection
390
Mimics of gout in hand
Amyloid | Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis
391
Arthritis in atypical location
JIA TRAUMA INFECTION HEMOPHILIA
392
RA Ddx shoulder, elbow, knee
Septic Charcot Spondyloarthropahies Hemophilia
393
CLAG
C daily c ref source L qtr A qtr with 2 sources G on instill & p repair Window peaks for each pt GM daily battery, BK, constancy
394
Moire
Hot spot phantom
395
HMPAO shows defect in region of tumor.
?
396
Heart on PET
After 12h fast, heart switches to fatty acid metabolism. Goes back to glucose when Glu levels increase. Large amount of cardiac activity means patient did not fast.
397
Increase marrow on PET
CSF Chemo Anemia Lymphoma
398
Gland imaging possible with pertechnetate even with IV dye and anti thyroid Meds.
True
399
Fat containing MS masses
``` Lipoma Liposarcoma Pericardial/pericardial fat Thymolipoma Teraroma ```
400
Posterior jx line
Seen above aorta
401
Dactylitis
SC JIA Psoriatic OM
402
Sclerotic finger
Psoriasis OO Infection Melhoreostosis
403
DTPA vs Xe
DTPA: less coop, better imaging energy allowing not just posterior, vented pts. Bad with COPD because aerosol. Xe better.
404
Benign discordant nodule.
Follicular adenoma: rapid turnover of iodine Thyroiditis CA
405
Occult elbow fxs
Kids: Supracondylar Adults: Radial Head
406
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Hurlers: inferior VB beaking, oar ribs, bullet MCs and phalanges Morquios: central beaking, no MR, atlantoaxial instability
407
Lesions that cross physis
Infection Ewings/osarc (per newer MRI data) Post closure, ABC and enchon
408
Multiple Lucent lesions
``` FEMHI FD EG/enchondroma Mets/myeloma HPTH (Brown) Infection ```
409
Isosmolar contrat
For suspected SBO to avoid fluid shifts and osmotic shock. Also mitigates risk of pulm edema in event of suspected aspiration.
410
SI atresia
Duodenum: failed recanilization Jejunum/ileum: ischemia Jejunal atresia MC
411
Potter syndrome
Phenotype associated with oligohydramnios. Pulm hypoplasia, oligo, abnl facies. Causes: BL MCDK, ARPKD, agenesis, Meckel Gruber.
412
DTPA brain death: nl ICA, Trident to sinuses.
With HMPAO, you should see the brain parenchyma.
413
Thallium cardiac protocol
Initial stress with redistribution rest at 4 hours. Will redistribute to ischemic and hibernating only.
414
Peds renal tumors
``` Neonate: mesoblastic nephroma Wilms: 1.8y RCC: older kids Rhabdoid tumor Multiloc CN: similar age to Wilms, cystic Nephronlastomatosis: infancy Renal medullary: adolescents w SC trait. ```
416
Jacked shoulder
Neuropathic Septic joint Deposition (CPPD, amyloid, HAD, gout) Trauma
417
Dual isotope cardiac
Thallium rest first given lower energy. Than stress sestamibi.
419
Neuroblastoma 4S
Age < 1 year Localized primary (st 1 or 2) Metastasis confined to skin, liver, and bone marrow Nearly 100% survival
420
Physiologic excretion seen in salivary glands on iodine and pertechnetate.
True
421
Wilms
1: confined to kidney and completely excised 2: local extension but completely excised 3: local spread, invasion but confined to abdomen 4: distant mets 5: contra kidney
422
NB
1: confined 2: local extension but not cross midline 3: crosses midline 4: distant mets 4s: <1y, mets confined to skin, liver, BM. Near 100% survival.
423
Struma ovarii
Pelvic uptake on iodine scan. Said to have been IDd in teraromas.
443
Sarcoid
Peribronchovascular and subpleural
444
UIP pattern
``` IPF Chronic HP Bleo/Nitro Asbestosis Scleroderma ``` Upper lobe: sarcoid, AS, TB, chronic HP
483
Small AWs dz with mosaic atten
Asthma BO HP
488
CAVITY
``` Cancer: synchronous or HN mets AI: Wegeners, Rheumatoid Vascular: septic emboli Infection: TB, fungal Trauma: pneumatocele Young: CPAM ```
529
Non cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Neurogenic Permeability (sepsis) Drug toxicity
819
Modified Pioped 2 - very low
-Nonsegmental -Q defect < CXR lesion -1–3 small segmental defects -Single triple match (= 2 matched (V:Q) defects with regionally normal CXR
820
BL enlarged kidneys in peds
``` Glomerulonephritis Nephrotic syndrome ARPKD MG Neohroblastomatosis BW Lymphoma ```
821
BW
Q3m to age 7-8 | Same for nephroblastpmatosis
822
Adrenal calcs
Hemorrhage Trauma Tumor (NB, Acc) Infection (TB)
823
Currarino syndrome/triad | Aka ASP triad
Anal atresia Sacral anomalies Presacral mass
824
CHF in newborn
``` Extracardiac shunt Anemia Sepsis L sided obst TAPVR 3 ```
825
If you suspect pulmonic stenosis....
Consider pulmonary HTN if R PA enlarged.
826
Pts at risk for NSF per ACR committee on drugs and contrast
HD pts Severe of ES CKD GFR 30-40 w/o HD AKI If no choice select agents w lowest risk (multihance)
827
Indium wbc can be positive in site of fx for several weeks tho activity faint.
SC and WBC imaging. Infection if WBCs wo marrow,WBC > SC. Role of mm in infected it
833
Charcot
Increased WBCs and SC, vs | Infection: WBC w/o or > than SC
834
Hepatic cysts
``` Simple ADPKD Abscess Biliary hamartoma Biloma/seroma Lymphoma ```
836
Decrease aliasing
Increase scale/PRF, angle | Decrease transducer Hz
837
Decrease tissue vibration
Decease gain | Increase Doppler scale
838
To detect slow flow
Decrease scale, angle | Increase color gain
839
Fetal ascites
Hydrops Gauchers Urinary ascites Perf bowel
840
TTTS
One twin larger with poly, lg bladder Other is small w IUGR and small bladder from decr UOP
841
Previa
Complete and marginal | Complete, symmetric unlikely to resolve. Asymmetric complete may resolve w advancing pregnancy.
842
Endometrioma
SRU consensus conference 6-12 w fu, then q1y Else MRI to eval implants
843
ADPKD
>2 in each in pt > 60y
844
Subclavian steel on 2D TOF CAN NE INAPPARENT DUE TO SAT PULSE PUT ON IJV.
True
845
125 | 40
230 | 100
846
What do we see with moles
Thecal Lutean cysts
847
Echinococcal cyst
``` Roids Anti-helminths Infuse saline Then drain Then absolute ETOH ```
848
Doppler in pregnancy
Color OK | Avoid pulsed
849
Visceral lymphoma can look like a.....
Cyst
852
Internal hernias
R and L paraduodenals Pericacal Foramem of Winslow
853
5 Ts
``` Truncus (R arch) TAPVR Tricuspid Atresia Transposition (egg) Tingle ```
854
Prussak's space
Scutum | Malleus
855
EAC > Ossicles | Vest aqueduct > ...?
Labyrinth
856
Myxopappilary ependymoma
Described as IM
857
Caudal regression
Cigar cord Sacral agenesis Assoc GU and LE motor/sensory abnl
858
Neurenteric cysts
Intradural, EM cystic masses May have incr T1 and T2 due to protein Look for VB abnormalities
859
Incr lung volumes
Emphysema LAM Alpha 1
860
Rib lesions
All: Fx, OM, Mets (NB, Ew, OS, breast, lung), enchondroma Younger: EG, FD, ABC Adults: Myeloma, GCT PNET, Ewings
861
Normal sized globe
Rb Coats PHPV small
862
Hunters angle
Myo, cho, cr, naa | Line increasing from myo to naa
863
Juene
Bell shaped thorax Trident acetabulae Normal VBs
865
Bosniak
1. Simple 2. Paper thin septae/fine calcs 2f. Worse 3. Worse - surg 4. Clearly malignant
866
AVM nidus
Glue EtOH Particles
867
Tc generator Iodine reactor All others......
Cyclotron
868
Branch at crux of aortic bifurcation
Medial sacral
869
Stavros criteria for benign mass
``` Absent malignant findings Intense hyperechogenecity Ellipsoid Gentle bi or tri lobulations Thin echogenic pseudocapsule ```
870
ST uptake on bonescan?
``` Bursitis, myosotis Hematoma MO Infarct (spleen, brain, other) HPTH ```
871
Any focus of truly increase metabolism will be hot on the non attenuation corrected images.
True
872
Juene
Acromelic

Radiology (3 decks)

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