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Step 2 CS > Differential Diagnoses > Flashcards

Differential Diagnoses Flashcards

Learn and quickly recall DDX (61 cards)

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1
Q

Headache (12)

A
  • Migraine (complicated)
  • Tension headache
  • Cluster headache
  • Pseudotumor cerebri
  • Trigeminal neuralgia
  • CNS vasculitis - Temporal Arteritis
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
  • Partial seizure
  • Intracranial neoplasm
  • Sinusitis
  • Depression
  • Glaucoma
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2
Q

Depressed Mood (3)

A
  • Major Depressive/Dysthymic Disorder
  • Bereavement Disorder
  • Bipolar I and II/Cyclothymic Disorders
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3
Q

Psychosis (7)

A
  • Schizophrenia
  • Substance induced
  • Schizoaffective
  • Brief Psychotic Disorder
  • Psychosis sec. medical
  • Narcolepsy
  • Seizure
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4
Q

Weight loss (7)

A
  • Hyperthyroid
  • Cancer
  • HIV
  • Diet
  • Drugs
  • Anorexia
  • Malabsorption
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5
Q

Dysphagia (12)

A
  • Achalasia
  • Esophagitis
  • Plummer-Vinson
  • Zenker’s diverticulum
  • Laryngeal carcinoma
  • Esophageal cancer
  • GERD
  • Stroke
  • MS
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Muscular dystrophy
  • Scleroderma
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6
Q

Blood in Stool (young) (10)

A
  • Colon Cancer
  • IBD
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Ischemic colitis
  • Infectious colitis
  • Dysentery
  • Gonococcal proctitis
  • Anal fistula
  • Anal fissure
  • Vascular stasis
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7
Q

Hematuria (8)

A
  • Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
  • Coagulation disorder
  • PKD
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • UTI/Pyelonephritis
  • Urolithiasis
  • Renal, ureteral or bladder cancer
  • Drugs
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8
Q

Urinary Symptoms (pain, difficulty urinating, etc.) (11)

A
  • Acute Pyelonephritis
  • Urolithiasis
  • Bladder stone
  • Bladder cancer
  • Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
  • Prostate Cancer
  • Urethritis
  • Urethral stricture
  • Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
  • Spinal cord trauma
  • DM
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9
Q

Vaginal Discharge (3)

A
  • Bacterial Vaginosis
  • Vaginitis (tricomoniasis vs candida)
  • Cervicitis
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10
Q

Abuse (5)

A
  • Domestic Violence
  • Osteogenesis Imperfecta
  • Substance abuse
  • Rape
  • Consensual violent sex
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11
Q

Child with Fever (11)

A
  • Sepsis
  • Viral exanthema
  • Meningitis
  • Encephalitis
  • Otitis media
  • URI
  • Pneumonia
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Intussusception
  • Volvulus
  • UTI
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12
Q

Hemoptysis (8)

A
  • Pneumonia
  • PE
  • Bronchiectasis
  • TB
  • Malignancy
  • Bronchitis
  • Connective tissue disease
  • Pseudohemoptysis
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13
Q

Blood in Stool (old) (4)

A
  • Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis
  • Cancer
  • Angiodysplasia
  • Ischemic colitis
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14
Q

Acute Diarrhea (<4 wks) (7)

A
  • Viral gastroenteritis
  • Bacterial gastroenteritis
  • IBD
  • IBS
  • Malabsorption
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • HIV
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15
Q

Chronic Diarrhea (6)

A
  • Laxatives
  • Malabsorption
  • IBD
  • IBS
  • Bacterial (Giardiasis)
  • Hyperthyroidism
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16
Q

Constipation (12)

A
  • Functional
  • Low-Fiber Diet
  • Cancer
  • IBS
  • Intestinal obstruction
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Hypothyroidism
  • DM
  • Stroke
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Spinal cord lesions
  • Drugs: opiates, iron, anticholinergics
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17
Q

Child with Vomiting (4)

A
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Intestinal obstruction
  • GERD
  • Pyloric obstruction
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18
Q

Knee Pain/Swelling (9)

A
  • Trauma
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Septic arthritis
  • Reactive arthritis
  • Psoriatic arthritis
  • Lyme disease
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Gout
  • Pseudogout
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19
Q

Extremity Pain in General (13)

A
  • Osteoarthritis (OA)
  • Septic Arthritis
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
  • Psoriatic Arthritis
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
  • Domestic Violence
  • Fracture
  • Dislocation
  • Carpal Tunnel
  • Myocardial Infarction (MI)
  • Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
  • Deep Vein Thrombosis‎ (DVT)
  • Rhabdomyolysis
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20
Q

Knee Pain/Swelling (9)

A
  • Trauma
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Septic arthritis
  • Reactive arthritis
  • Psoriatic arthritis
  • Lyme disease
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Gout
  • Pseudogout
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21
Q

Behavioral Problems (6)

A
  • ADHD
  • Adjustment Disorder
  • Oppositional Defiant Disorder
  • Childhood Borderline Personality Disorder
  • Substance abuse
  • Age appropriate behavior
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22
Q

Erectile Dysfunction (8)

A
  • Drugs
  • Hypertension
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Diabetes Mellitus neuropathy
  • Psychogenic (anxiety, depression)
  • Peyronie’s disease
  • Spinal cord lesion
  • Pituitary lesion
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23
Q

Palpitations (14)

A
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Cardiac Arrhythmias
  • Valvular disease
  • Angina
  • Hyperventilation Episodes
  • PE
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Hypothyroidism (overmedicated)
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Carcinoid Syndrome
  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder
  • Agoraphobia/Social Phobia
  • Panic Attacks
  • Substance Abuse/Dependence
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24
Q

Night Sweats (7)

A
  • Tuberculosis (TB)
  • Acute HIV infection
  • Lymphoma
  • Leukemia
  • Hyperthyroid
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Drugs
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25
Confusion/Memory loss (14)
- Alzheimer's - Meningitis - Encephalitis - TIA - Stroke - Vascular Dementia - Subdural Hematoma (SDH) - Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) - Creutzfeld-Jakob - Hypoglycemia - Hypothyroidism - Vit B12 deficiency - Depression with Pseudo Dementia - Drugs
26
Seizures (8)
- Trauma - Infection - Drug induced or withdrawal - Stroke - Tumor - Hypoglycemia - Syncope - Intoxication
27
Multiple Falls (6)
- TIA - Parkinsonism - Cerebellar lesions - Seizures - Vertigo - Orthostatic hypotension
28
Multiple Bruising (4)
- Accidental trauma - Domestic violence - Bleeding disorder - Autoimmune collagen vascular disease (lupus, scleroderma,rheumatoid arthritis)
29
Heel/Foot Pain (5)
- Plantar fasciitis - Calcaneal periostitis - Calcaneal spur - Painful heel pad syndrome - Stress fracture
30
Low Back Pain (11)
- Disk herniation - Lumbar muscle strain - Lumbar spinal stenosis - Osteoporosis - Degenerative arthritis - Ankylosing Spondylitis - Multiple myeloma - Cancer/spinal metastasis - AAA - TB of the spine “Pott’s disease” - Malingering
31
Epistaxis (6)
- Trauma - Bleeding disorder - Thrombocytopenia - Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma - Wegener’s granulomatosis - Drug induced
32
Hearing Loss (9)
- Conductive (Cerumen impaction, Post otitis media effusion) - Sensorineural presbycusis - Tympanic membrane perforation - Otosclerosis - Cholesteatoma - Noise induced - Drug ototoxicity - Meniere’s disease - Acoustic neuroma
33
Vision Blurring (10)
- Diabetic neuropathy - HTN neuropathy - Cataracts - Glaucoma - Temporal arteritis - Uveitis - Optic neuritis - Orbital cellulitis - Optic glioma - Occipital lobe lesions
34
Dyspareunia (9)
- Depression - Abuse - PID - Endometriosis - Cervicitis - Atrophic vaginitis - Vaginismus - Vulvovaginitis - Vulvodynia
35
Unilateral Leg Pain (6)
- Cellulitis - DVT - Ruptured Baker’s cyst - Osteomyelitis - Trauma - Varicose veins
36
Shoulder Pain (5)
- Dislocation - Fracture - Rotator cuff tear - Subacromial bursitis - Ligament strain
37
Upper Extremity Pain (6)
- Cervical disc prolapse - Cervical spondylitis - Thoracic outlet syndrome - Tenosynovitis - Carpal tunnel syndrome - Trauma
38
Sore throat (7)
- Infectious mononucleosis - Pharyngitis (bacterial (strep) or viral) - Acute HIV infection - Streptococcal tonsillitis/scarlet fever - GERD - Post nasal drip - Atypical Pneumonia (Mycoplasma pneumonia)
39
Chest Pain (15)
- Myocardial Infarct (MI) - Arrhythmia - Pericarditis - Angina - Cocaine induced - Aortic dissection - Sickle Cell Disease - Pulmonary Infarct - Pulmonary Embolism (PE) - Pleurisy - Pneumonia - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder (GERD) - Esophageal tear - Esophageal spasm - Costochondritis - Panic attack
40
Nausea/Vomiting (16)
- Pregnancy - Gastritis - GERD - Gastroenteritis - PUD - Pancreatitis - Appendicitis - Bowel Obstruction - Pyelonephritis - UTI - Hypercalcemia - DM - Intracraneal tumor - Encephalitis/meningitis - Drugs (Digoxin) - Anorexia
41
Pediatric Diarrhea (6)
- Rotavirus - Bacterial diarrhea - Malabsorption - UTI - Sepsis - Intussusception
42
Acute Shortness of Breath (7)
- PE - Pneumothorax - COPD exacerbation - Bronchial Asthma - CHF - Anxiety - Panic attack
43
Vaginal Bleeding (11)
- Regular menses - Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB) - Endometrial Hyperplasia - Endometrial Cancer (postmenopausal bleeding) - Cervical Cancer (intermenstrual or post-coital bleeding) - Ruptured Uterine Pregnancy - Spontaneous Abortion - Ectopic Pregnancy/Rupture - Molar Pregnancy - Trauma - Bleeding disorder
44
Amenorrhea (11)
- Pregnancy - Menopause - PCOS - Hypothyroid - Prolactinoma - Sheehan's - Asherman's - Anorexia - Anxiety - Stress induced - Excessive exercise
45
Weight gain (9)
- Smoking cessation - Drugs (Lithium) - Hypothyroid - Cushing's Syndrome/Disease/Syndrome - PCOS - DM - Atypical depression - Familial - Pregnancy
46
Sickle Cell Px with Chest Pain (4)
- Vaso-occlusive crisis/Acute chest syndrome - Pneumonia - Osteomyelitis (salmonella) - PE
47
Numbness/Weakness (9)
- TIA - Stroke - Guillain Barre - MS - DM peripheral - Myasthenia Gravis - Todd's Paralysis - Complex migraine - Conversion disorder
48
Polyuria (6)
- DM - Diabetes Insipidus (neurogenic, nephrogenic) - Psychogenic polydypsia - UTI - Drugs (diuretics) - Hypercalcemia
49
Dysuria (5)
- Pyelonephritis - Cystitis - Urethritis - Vulvovaginitis - PID
50
Bilateral Leg Pain (7)
- Thromboangitis obliterans - Atherosclerotic vascular disease - Lumbar spinal stenosis - Diabetic polyneuropathy - Radiculopathy - Varicose veins - Statins
51
Enuresis (4)
- Primary nocturnal enuresis - UTI - Constipation - Sleep apnea
52
Insomnia (14)
- Caffeine - Obstructive Sleep Apnea - COPD - CHF - PUD - Hyperthyroidism - Anxiety - Depression - PTSD - Irritable leg syndrome - Circadian rhythm disorder - Menopause - Medications - Malignancy
53
Cough (17)
- Common cold - Acute sinusitis - Acute bronchitis - Chronic bronchitis - COPD Exacerbation - Bronchiectasis - Asthma - PE - GERD - Pneumonia - Drugs: ACEI - Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND) - HIV - Tuberculosis (TB) - Posterior nasal drip - Lung cancer - Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
54
Loss of consciousness (12)
- TIA - Stroke - Migraine - Seizure, grand mal - Vasovagal syncope - Convulsive syncope - Cardiac arrhythmia - CAD - HOCM - Aortic stenosis - Drug/orthostatic hypotension - Conversion disorder
55
Dizziness (18)
- Meniere's disease - Orthostatic hypotension - Benign Positional Vertigo - Vestibular Neuronitis - Labyrinthitis - Neurological infections - IC neoplasm - IC hemorrhage - Head trauma - Cardiac arrhythmia - Aortic stenosis - HOCM - Acute coronary syndrome - Otitis media - Hypoglycemia - Hypothyroidism - Anemia - Panic attacks
56
Cough with Chest Pain (6)
- Pneumonia - Pleurisy - TB - Lung cancer - PE - GERD
57
Abdominal pain (17)
- Func. Dyspepsia - Stomach Cancer - PUD - Perforated ulcer - Pancreatic Cancer - Acute Pancreatitis - Acute Cholecystitis - Ascending Cholangitis - Acute Hepatitis - Splenic rupture - Intestinal Obstruction - Appendicitis - IBS - Mesenteric Ischemia - Ovarian Torsion - Diverticulitis - PID
58
Upper GI Bleeding (hematemesis) (6)
- Peptic Ulcer Disease - Gastritis - Esophageal varices - Mallory Weiss tear - Stomach cancer - Pseudohemoptysis
59
Hot Flashes (7)
- Menopause - Premature ovarian failure - Hyperthyroidism - Carcinoid syndrome - Chronic fatigue syndrome - Occult malignancy - Factitious disorder
60
Rash (7)
- Viral exanthema (Impetigo, Rubella, Measles) - Insect bite - Allergic - Rheumatoid arthritis - SLE - Photodermatitis - Occupational exposure
61
Fatigue/Sleepiness (12)
- Sleep deprivation - Anemia - Depression - Hypothyroid - Diabetes Mellitus (DM) - Addison’s disease - TB - HIV - Malabsorption - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD) - Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) - Occult malignancy

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