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MMC Post-Residency Continuing Education > Differential Diagnosis > Flashcards

Differential Diagnosis Flashcards

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1
Q

Sore Throat

A

ID: Pharyngitis, Peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, infectious mononucleosis, epiglottitis, herpangina, COVID, HFMD, Diphtheria

Non ID: esophagitis (hot food/drinks), GERD

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2
Q

Acute cough, NOT in distress

A

ID: URTI, Pneumonia, COVID, Croup

Non-ID: Asthma

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3
Q

Acute cough, in distress

A

COVID
Bronchiolitis
Pneumonia
Asthma
BAIAE
Foreign body
Laryngotracheitis
Epiglottitis
Tracheitis

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4
Q

Subacute cough

A

Bronchitis
TB
Chlamydia pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Rhinosinusitis

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5
Q

Colds

A

ID: URTI, Sinusitis

Allergy: Allergic rhinitis

Non-allergic: mechanical, structural, FB, deviated septum, adenoids, tumors, rhinitis medicamentosa, vasomotor rhinitis

Hormonal: pregnancy, hypothy neoplasms

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6
Q

Fever

A

COVID
URTI
Otitis media
Bacterial sinusitis
UTI
Bronchiolitis
Pneumonia
Viral syndromes
Dengue
Typhoid fever
Leptospirosis
Occult bacteremia
CNS infections
PFAPA syndrome
FUO

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7
Q

Fever with rash

A

COVID
Viral exanthems (measles, rubella, roseola, chickenpox, erythema infectiosum, HFMD) Meningococcemia
Dengue
Kawasaki disease
Acute rheumatic fever
Toxic shock syndrome
Scarlet fever

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8
Q

Headache

A

migraine
tension headache
acute sinusitis
brain tumor
brain abscess
pseudotumor cerebri
trauma
substance abuse/withdrawal
infections
meningitis

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9
Q

Seizure

A

Febrile seizure (BFC/CFC)
CNS infection (meningitis, abscess)
Brain tumor
Metabolic and e’ disturbance (hypogly, hypoNA, hypoCa, hyperCa, hypoMg)
Traumatic brain injury
Child abuse
Toxic ingestion (iron, isoniazid, kerosene, organophosphate)
Epilepsy
Status epilepticus

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10
Q

Raised ICP

A

Hydrocephalus
Brain tumor
CNS infection
Intracranial hemorrhage
Trauma

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11
Q

Eye pain and discharge / swelling

A

Conjunctivitis (viral, bacterial, allergic)
Orbital cellulitis
Preseptal cellulitis
Dacryoystitis
Foreign body
Trauma
Insect bite
Allergic/ angioedema

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12
Q

Ear pain / discharge

A

Otitis media
Otitis externa
Foreign body/ trauma
Referred pain: sinus, teeth, pharynx, thyroid, parotid, neck

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13
Q

Diarrhea

A

AGE (viral, bacterial, protozoan, parasitic)
Malabsorption
Toddler’s diarrhea
Pseudomembranous colitis
Irritable bowel syndrome
Inflammatory bowel disease
COVID

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14
Q

Bloody stools

A

Infectious:
1. bacterial: Shigella, Salmonella, E.coli (EIEC, EHEC, EAEC), campylobacter, Yersinia
2. parasitic: amebiasis, Giardia, Cryptosporidium)
IBD

Non-infectious:
Anal fissure (from constipation)
Bleeding peptic ulcer
Intussusception
Malrotation
Meckel’s diverticulum

Hematologic: (plt dysfunction – ITP, vWD)

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15
Q

Constipation

A

Functional constipation
Hirschsprung disease
Hypothyroidism
Spinal cord abnormalities
Lead poisoning
Pseudoobstruction
Fecal impaction
Imperforate anus
Dehydration
Botulism

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16
Q

Abdominal pain

A

GI: Appendicitis, AGE, Constipation, Intestinal obstruction, Intussusception, Malrotation with midgut volvulus, Mesenteric adenitis, Incarcerated hernia, Cholecystitis/ cholelithiasis/ choledocholithiasis, Acute pancreatitis, Peptic ulcer Gastritis

Non-GI: UTI, renal colic, pneumonia, Pelvic inflammatory disease, sexual abuse, HSP, anaphylaxis Functional abdominal pain

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17
Q

Rash / Dermatitis

A

ID: Cellulitis, Necrotizing fasciitis, Erysipelas, Impetigo, SSSS, Abscess, Scrofula, Scabies, Pediculosis, Molluscum contagiosum, tinea faciei

Non Infectious: AD, dermatitis (contact, irritant, seb), Hemangioma, SJS, TEN

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18
Q

Allergy

A

Atopic dermatitis
Urticaria
Angioedema
Anaphylaxis
Dermatitis (seborrheic dermatitis, contact, irritant)

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19
Q

Newborn jaundice

A

Physiologic jaundice: Breastfeeding/ breastmilk jaundice

ID: Sepsis, TORCH, UTI

Hematologic: ABO incompatibility, RH incompatibility, G6PD deficiency, polycythemia, spherocytosis, elliptocytosis

Trauma: cephalhematoma, ecchymoses, caput

Maternal: GDM, SGA, twin to twin

GI: biliary atresia, choledochal cyst, hepatitis, pyloric stenosis

Metabolic: galactosemia, hypothyroidism

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20
Q

Newborn jaundice, prolonged

A

Choledochal cyst
Biliary atresia
TORCH
Hepatitis
IEM

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21
Q

Delayed meconium

A

Meconium ileus/ plug syndrome
Hirschsprung disease
Imperforate anus
Ileus
Preterm/ LBW
Electrolyte abnormalities (hypoK, hypoNa, hyperCa, hyperMg) Maternal drugs (MgSO4, opiates, antidepressants)
NB drugs (theophylline, opiates, narcotics) hypothyroidism

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22
Q

Newborn: abdominal distention

A

NEC
Intussusception
Sepsis
GI obstruction
Diastasis recti
Meconium ileus Hirschsprung disease Hypothyroidism
Small left bowel syndrome

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23
Q

Newborn: respiratory distress

A

Pulmo: RDS, TTN, MAS, air leak syndrome, PPHN, CCAM

CV: CHD

GI: congenital diaphragmatic hernia, TEF

ID: neonatal pneumonia, sepsis

Metabolic: IEM, hypoglycemia, hypoCa

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24
Q

Newborn: dysmorphology

A

TORCH
Trisomies (21, 13, 18)

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25
Newborn: Apnea
CNS: asphyxia, CNS infection, inc ICP, seizure Pulmo: airway obstruction, lung disease, RDS, pneumonia CV: CHF, PDA, CHD, heart block GI: NEC, GERD, feeding intolerance Hema: anemia, polycythemia Others: sepsis, metab e’ abn, drugs MgSO4
26
Newborn: Anuria / oliguria
Dehydration Obstruction Renal Failure Maternal: ACEI, NSAIDs, GDM
27
Newborn: Cyanosis
Pulmo: pneumonia, RDS, MAS, CDH, CCAM, PPHN CV: CCHD (TGA, tricuspid atresia, truncus arteriosus, TOF, TAPVR) ID: sepsis Metab: Hypoglycemia Neuro: HIE Others: Esophageal atresia, Choanal atresia, Methemoglobinemia
28
Newborn: fever
Overswaddled Inanition fever ID: Sepsis, UTI, meningitis
29
Weight gain
Obesity Cushing disease Prader-Willi syndrome Hypothalamic obesity Hypothyroidism
30
Short stature
Constitutional short stature Familial short stature Growth hormone deficiency Failure to thrive Malnutrition systemic chronic disease Hypothyroidism Turner syndrome
31
Ambiguous genitalia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Microphallus True hermaphroditism Virilization Sepsis IEM
32
Delayed puberty
Noonan syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Turner syndrome
33
Weight loss
DM Hyperthyroidism PTB Malnutrition Fad diet
34
Polyuria
DM Central DI Nephrogenic DI Cerebral salt wasting Increased oral intake/ iatrogenic E’ abn (hyperCa) Organophosphate poisoning
35
Hypotonia, malformations
Trisomies (21, 13, 18) Turner syndrome Fragile X Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
36
Anemia
Hema: IDA, Thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, blood loss, Physiologic anemia of infancy, Anemia of chronic disease Others: Lead poisoning, growth spurt Nutri: vegan, milk protein allergy, inc cow’s milk intake, faddism, dieting ID: parasitism GI: celiac ds, IBD
37
Bleeding
Hema/onco: ITP, Hemophilia, vWD disease, Vit. K deficiency, aplastic anemia, ALL ID: DFS, sepsis, DIC Others: abuse, liver disease, vascular abnormalities
38
Abdominal mass
Lymphoma Neuroblastoma Wilm’s tumor Hepatoblastoma GCT’s/teratoma rhabdomyosarcoma Ascites Pregnancy
39
Limping child
Trauma: MVA, Abuse ID: Osteomyelitis, Septic arthritis, Synovitis MSK: DDH, LCP Rheuma: JRA, HSP, RF CA: leukemia, neuroblastoma, ewing sarcoma
40
Musculoskeletal pain, gait disturbance
Developmental dysplasia of the hip Skeletal dysplasia Fractures Torticollis Legg-Calve Perthes disease Osgood-Schlatter disease Pott’s disease Polio
41
Edema
Renal: Nephritic, Nephrotic syndrome Cardiac: CHF Liver failure GI: Nutritional (Kwashiorkor), protein losing enteropathy Allergic: angioedema Endo: myxedema (hypothy) Rheuma: SLE, HSP
42
Dysuria
Urolithiasis UTI Sexual abuse Foreign body STD vulvovaginitis Trauma
43
Hematuria
Renal: PSGN, IgA nephropathy, HUS, urolithiasis, UTI, TB Trauma, abuse Rheuma: SLE, HSP nephritis Hema: G6PD, blood dyscrasia Others: hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria, drugs (ibu, iron, metronidazole, rifampicin), food (beets, blackberries, food color)
44
Scrotal / Inguinal mass
Undescended testis/ retractile testis Inguinal Hernia Hydrocoele, varicocele Hematoma/ tumor HSP
45
Scrotal pain
Testicular torsion Epididymitis UTI Trauma Sexual abuse Incarcerated hernia Idiopathic scrotal edema (dermatitis, insect bite) Mumps orchitis Cellulitis HPS vasculitis
46
Vaginal discharge
Vulvovaginitis Candida Bacterial vaginosis Trichomonas Physiologic discharge
47
Vaginal bleeding
Blood dyscrasias Hemangioma neoplasms Precocious puberty UTI vulvovaginitis Abuse Trauma FB
48
Murmur
ACHD: ASD, VSD, PDA CCHD: TOF, TGA Acquired HD: RHD, infective endocarditis Hema: anemia
49
Arrhythmia
Sinus tachycardia, SVT, VT Sinus bradycardia Heart block
50
Heart failure
CHF CHD: VSD, PDA, OCD Acquired heart disease: myocarditis, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, AR carditis/ RHD Metabolic: hypoxia, acidosis, hypogly, hypoCa Hyperthyroidism Severe anemia Acute HTN (PSGN)
51
Chest pain
Msk: muscle strain, costochondritis, contusion CV: pericarditis, arrhythmia, MVP, CAD, ischemia, aortic dissection Pulmo: pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pneumonia, BA, FB, tumor GI: GERD, esophagitis, gastritis Psych: Anxiety/ stress, hyperventilation, panic disorder Others: HZV, drugs (cocaine), breast- related, idiopathic
52
Hypertension
CV: essential hypertension, CoA, PDA Renal: AGN, nephritic syndrome Endo: pheochromocytoma, Cushing disease, hyperthyroidism Neuro: inc ICP, dysautonomia, neuroblastoma Drugs: CS, amphetamines, cocaine Metabolic: hyperNa, obesity, metabolic syndrome
53
Shock
Shock: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, septic, obstructive Poisoning Addison disease
54
Joint pains / arthritis / arthralgia
ID: reactive arthritis, postinfectious, viral/ bacterial myositis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, synovitis Rheuma: SLE, JRA, JDM, scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis, arthritis of IBD Vasculitis: HSP, Takayasu arteritis, PAN Onco: Leukemia, Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, lymphoma Cardio: ARF, KD, IE Growing pains
55
Weakness
Neuro: MG, GBS, cerebral palsy ID: polio, tetanus, botulism, Pott’s disease Electrolyte abnormalities: hypo/hyperK, hyperCa Organophosphate poisoning
56
Developmental Delay
Autism ADHD Cerebral palsy Intellectual disability Learning disability
57
Dysphagia
ID: acute viral stomatitis Structural: oral trauma, nasal obstruction, vascular rings, mediastinal tumors GI: achalasia, TEF, strictures, esophageal web, GERD Neuro: vertebral anomalies
58
Regurgitation
GERD GER Overfeeding
59
Anorexia
CA Inflammatory disease ID (TB, infections) Drugs Unpalatable diets Depression
60
Vomiting
GI: AGE, GERD, overfeeding, GI obstruction, pyloric stenosis, PUD, esophagitis Infections: UTI Metabolic: IEM, DKA Medications/ poisoning Neuro: inc ICP (TBI, abuse), labyrinthitis, migraine Endo: adrenal insufficiency, DKA
61
GI Hemorrhage
Erosive damage Bacterial enteritis Milk protein allergy Intussusception Anal fissure Peptic ulcer/ gastritis Swallowed blood from epistaxis
62
CXR: Pleural effusion
TB effusion Consolidation Atelectasis Pulmonary mass/ abscess Heart failure
63
CXR: Bowel gas in hemithorax
CDH CCAM Eventration Pulmonary Sequestration
64
Vesiculobulbous rash
SSSS TEN SJS Erythema multiforme Varicella Bullous impetigo Dermatitis herpetiformes
65
Growth Failure
ID: sepsis, TB, TORCH IEM: congenital Hypothyroidism, CAH, galactosemia GI: GERD, pyloric stenosis, atresia, Malnutrition CV: CHD Nephro: RTA Endo: Prader-Willi, Cushing disease, GH deficiency Genetic: Down, Noonan, Turner
66
Respiratory distress
Neuro: Inc ICP HEENT: URTI, sinusitis, FB Respi: pneumonia, BA, FB aspiration, croup, epiglottitis, abscess, pleural eff, TB CV: CHD, CHF, arrhythmia, pericardial eff GI: perforation, obstruction, AGE, hepatic encephalopathy Renal: CKD, nephrotic syn Metab: IEM, DKA Trauma: pneumothorax ID: sepsis, shock
67
Fussy infant
GERD Infant colic Infant dyschezia

MMC Post-Residency Continuing Education (3 decks)

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