Differential Educational Achievement: Class (External

Question 1

Hubbs-Tait

Answer 1

parents who challenge their children to evaluate
their thinking are more likely to have higher cognitive ability

Question 2

Douglas

Answer 2

parental attitudes to education and their
own levels of education often have a big impact on
educational achievement. He argued that working class
parents place less value on education and therefore are less likely to push their children academically

Question 3

Sugarman

Answer 3

working class have a different
culture to the middle class which is a barrier to educational
achievement. He identified 4 elements of this subculture:
1. Fatalism
2. Collectivism
3. Immediate Gratification
4. Present time Orientation.
Which leads to under achievement in education

Question 4

Tanner

Answer 4

the costs of transport, books, computers, uniforms, equipment and field trips can place a heavy burden on working class families.

Question 5

Flaherty

Answer 5

there is a stigma attached to those on FSM which prevents to some from taking
up the entitlements

Question 6

Smith and Nobel

Answer 6

working class pupils are at a disadvantage as they
cannot afford private tuition or schools.

Question 7

Ridge

Answer 7

working class pupils might need to take
on paid work whilst still at school in order to help the
household which takes time away from study.

Question 8

Howard

Answer 8

children poorer families have
poorer diets and nutrition which leads to lack of
energy and higher absence rates.

Question 9

Wilkinson

Answer 9

there is I higher rate of hyperactivity
and ADHD amongst 10 year old who are from lower
income backgrounds which can lead to issues with
education.

Question 10

Bourdieu

Answer 10

Cultural Capital – referring to the
knowledge, attitudes, values,
language and abilities of the middle
class.
* Economic Capital – referring to money
and household income.
* Educational Capital