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Differentials Flashcards

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1
Q

Hypoechoic Liver Masses

A

Lymphoma (#1), mets (melanoma, Pancreas Adeno, Cervical, Lung, ?melanoma, GI sometimes)

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2
Q

Echogenic Liver Masses

A

Hemangioma, Mets (esp mucinous, Colon #1, Ovary, Stomach, RCC, Islet Cell), Focal Fat Infiltration, HCC, adenoma

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3
Q

Shadowing Liver Foci

A

Ca+ (Mets), Air (PV Gas), Stones, Fat Containing Lesion

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4
Q

Target Lesion in Liver

A

Mets, HCC, Lymphoma, Abscess

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5
Q

Hypervascular Liver Masses

A

Renal, Islet Cell, Carcinoid, Melanoma, Breast, Thyroid, Sarcoma, Pheo, Choriocarcinoma, Colon

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6
Q

Calcified Liver Mass

A

Mets: Mucinous, Breast, RCC, Lung, NB, OSA

Echinococcus, TB/Histo, Old Abscess, Fibrolamellar HCC, Hepatoblastoma

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7
Q

Mucinous Tumors

A

COBS = Colon, Ovary, Breast, Stomach

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8
Q

GB Comet Tails (552D)

A

Adenomyomatosis, Cholesterolosis, Emphysematous Cholecystitis

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9
Q

GB Wall Thickening

A

Cirrhosis, CHF, Hypoproteinemia, GB Cancer, Adenomyomatosis, Hepatitis Cholecystitis, AIDS, ?hemorrhage

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10
Q

GB Sludge (576D)

A

Fasting, TPN, Hemolysis, Cystic Duct Obstruction, Acute & Chronic Chole

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11
Q

GB Hydrops (551D, 573D)

A

Obstructed: Stone, Tumor
Nonobstructed: Kawasaki’s, Diabetes, Hyperalimentation, EtOH, Acromegaly, Narcotics, AIDS, Anticholinergics

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12
Q

Echogenic GB (WES Sign)

A

Stones (Can’t See Back Wall), Emphysematous Cholecystitis (Dirty Shadows, Ring Down Comets), Porcelain GB (Sometimes see back wall)

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13
Q

GB Polypoid Lesion

A

Polyp (Cholesterol, Adenoma), Cancer, Tumefactive Sludge, Blood Clot, Adenomyomatosis (Adenomyoma)
+Doppler = Cancer, Adenomatous Polyp

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14
Q

Bile Duct Wall Thickening

A

AIDS, Cholangiocarcinoma, Bacterial & Oriental Cholangitis, PSC

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15
Q

Biliary Duct Filling Defect

A

Stone & Gas (Shadows), Blood Clot, Tumor, Infectious Debris

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16
Q

Intrahepatic Stones

A

Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis, Sclerosing Cholangitis, Caroli’s Dz

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17
Q

Intrapancreatic Biliary Obstruction

A

Stone (#1), Pancreatic Adeno, Stricture (Pancreatitis, AIDS)

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18
Q

Suprapancreatic Obstruction

A

Tumor (Cholangio, Portal LAD), Mirizzi

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19
Q

Hypoechoic Pancreatic Lesion

A

Adenocarcinoma, Islet Cell, Cystic Neoplasm, Mets, Lymphoma, Focal Pancreatitis, Pseudocyst/aneurysm

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20
Q

Hypoecohic Spleen Lesions

A

SNAIL = Sarcoid, Neoplasm (Mets), Abscess, Infarct, Lymphoma

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21
Q

Multiple Echogenic Splenic Foci

A

PCP, Candida (Treated?), TB

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22
Q

Echogenic Renal Cortex (727D)

A

Glomerulonephritis, Xplant Rejection, SLE, Cortical Necrosis, ATN, ESRD, Diabetes, AIDS

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23
Q

Medullary Nephrocalcinosis (736D)

A

FHAM HOP = Furosemide, HPT, Acidosis (RTA I distal), MSK, Hypercalcemia (Sarcoid, Milk Alkali, Hypervitaminosis D), Oxalosis, Papillary Necrosis

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24
Q

Cortical Nephrocalcinosis (737D)

A

COAG = Cortical Necrosis, Oxalosis, Alports, Glomerulonephritis (chronic)

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25
Intratesticular Lesion
Tumor/Mets, Infarct, Abscess, Focal Orchitis, Hematoma, Sarcoid, Simple Cyst, Epidermoid Cyst
26
Prostate Cyst
Utricle (Midline), Mullerian (Larger), EJ Duct (Paramedian), Seminal Vesicle Cyst
27
Falsely High Carotid Velocity
HTN, Bradycardia, Obstructed Contralateral ICA
28
False Low Carotid Velocity
Tandem Lesion, Proximal CCA Lesion, Low Cardiac Output
29
Oligohydramnios
DRIPP C = Demise, Renal Anomaly (Usually bilateral), IUGR (80%), PROM, Post Dates, Chromosomal Anomaly
30
Polyhydramnios
Idiopathic, Maternal (Diabetes, HTN, Rh, Chorioangioma) | Fetal (CHANT): NTD/CNS, Proximal GI obstruction, Chest Mass (CCAM, CDH), Hydrops, TTTS
31
Non-Immune Hydrops
CHITOS = Chromosomal, CHD, Hygroma, Infection/TORCH, TTTS, Other (CDH, VOGA, Chorioangioma), Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
32
Elevated AFP (824D)
GEM MINER CO = Gastroschisis, Esophageal Atresia, Multiple Gestation, Mole, Incorrect Dates, NTD, Error (lab), Renal Anomaly, Chorioangioma, Ompahlocele Basically anything but closed NTD
33
Low AFP
Trisomy 13/18/21, Fetal Death, Mole, Wrong Dates
34
Fetal Hand Problems
Polydactyly = Meckel Gruber, Ellis Van Creveldt, Trisomy 13 Clinodactyly = Trisomy 21 Overlapping = Trisomy 18 Hitch Hiker Thumb = Diastrophic dysplasia
35
Fetal Skull Problems
Lemon = Chiari II, Cephalocele, Normal Strawberry = Trisomy 18 Cloverleaf = Thanatophoric Spalding’s Sign = Demise
36
Demineralized Fetal Skull
OI 2, Hypophosphatasia Congenita, Achondrogensis
37
2 Vessel Cord (735P)
Trisomy 13/18, LBWC, Normal Variant
38
Fluid in Fetal Chest
Effusion, Hydrops
39
Fetal Chest Mass
CDH, CCAM, Seqestration, Broncho-genic Cyst, Bronchial Atresia Cystic = CCAM 1&2, CDH, BC, CLE
40
Pericardial Effusion
Viral (CMV, HIV), CHD/Arrhythmia, Hydrops
41
Fetal Kidney Cysts / Cystic Mass
MCDK, Hydro/Obstruction, Meckel Gruber
42
Fetal Abdominal Mass
``` Cystic = Duplication Cyst, Ovarian Cyst, Meconium Pseudocyst, Teratoma, PUV & Bladder Obstruction, Mesenteric & Omental Cyst, Choledochal, Renal Cysts & Hydro, Dilated Bowel/SBO, Umbilical Vein Varix, Hydrometrocolpos, Mesoblastic Nephroma (MN) Solid = Meconium Pseudocyst, Sacro-coccygeal Teratoma, NB, MN ```
43
Peri-Ass Mass
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma, Myelo-meningoceal
44
Double Bubble
Duodenal Atresia/Stenosis & Web, Preduodenal PV, Ladds Bands, Malrotation, Annular Pancreas
45
No Stomach (Similar to Poly)
Oligo, EA, CDH & Chest Mass, CNS & Swallow Problem, Situs
46
Fetal Liver Calcifications
Idiopathic, TORCH, Ischemia, Neoplasm (Hepatoblastoma, NB Mets, Hemangio-endothelioma?), Meconium Peritonitis (Perihepatic)
47
Fetal Abdominal Calcifications
Meconium Peritonitis & Pseudocyst, Intraluminal Meconium (Anorectal Malformation & Meconium Ileus), CMV, Toxo, NB, Teratoma, Hepatoblastoma
48
Echogenic Bowel
Normal Variant, Downs, CF
49
Fetal Ascites
Pseudoascites (muscle), Urinary, Meconium Peritonitis, Ruptured Ovarian Cyst, Infection, Hydrops
50
Hydronephrosis
UPJ/UVJ, Reflux, Prune Belly, PUVs, Megacystis, Compressing Pelvic Mass
51
Nonvisualized Fetal Bladder
Bilateral Renal Agenesis, Bilateral UPJ, Bilateral MCDK, ARPKD, Exstrophy, Severe IUGR
52
Absent Fetal Kidney
Shadowing from Spine, Pelvic Kidney, Crossed Ectopia, Unilateral Agenesis
53
Choroid Plexus Cyst
Normal (2%), Trisomy 18/21
54
Fetal Neck Mass
``` Posterior = Hygroma ( Hydrops), Cephalocele, Cervical Myelomeningocele Anterior = Teratoma, Fetal Goiter, Thyroglossal Cyst, Branchial Cleft (usually lateral) ```
55
Fetal Intracranial Mass
Hemorrhage, Lipoma, Teratoma
56
Ventriculomegaly
Hydrocephalus, Holoprosencephaly (NO cavum/falx), Hydranencephaly (+Falx)
57
Hydrocephalus
``` Aqueductal Stenosis (Normal 4 th), Chiari II (Lemon, Banana), DW, Communicating Hydro (TORCH, Downs) Mild Ventriculomegaly (11-15mm) = CCA, Downs, TORCH, Normal Variant ```
58
Brain Cyst (NOT Hydro)
Arachnoid Cyst, Porencephalic Cyst, Schizencephaly, Holoprosencephaly (Dorsal Cyst), CCA (IH Cyst), VOGA, Teratoma
59
Enlarged Cisterna Magna
DW, Trisomy 13/18, Arachnoid Cyst, Normal Variant (Mega Cisterna Magna)
60
Absent CSP
CCA, Holoprosencephaly
61
Adnexal Mass in Pregnancy
Corpus Luteum, Hemorrhagic Cyst, Endometrioma, Teratoma, Neoplasm
62
Tamoxifen Effects (313P)
Increased Endometrial Hyperplasia, Polyps & Cancer | Antiestrogen drug w/ weak estrogenic activity
63
Cystic Changes in Uterus
Adenomyosis, Tamoxifen, EM Polyp or Hyperplasia, GTD (actually in placenta), Arcuate Veins
64
Simple Adnexal Cyst
Functional Cyst, Paraovarian Cyst, Peritoneal Inclusion Cyst, Hydrosalpinx, Cystic Neoplasm (Cystadenoma)
65
Complex Adnexal Mass
Ecoptic Pregnancy, TOA, Hemorrhagic Cyst, Endometrioma, Dermoid, Ovarian Neoplasm or Mets
66
Thick EMS
Hyperplasia, EM Cancer, Polyps | If Pregnant = EP, RPOCs, GTD

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