Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PACES > Differentials for presenting > Flashcards

Differentials for presenting Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Neuro: predominant motor loss, UMN pattern, unilateral

A

Stroke
SOL
Abscess
Cord hemisection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neuro: predominant motor loss, UMN pattern, bilateral

A

Hereditary spastic paraparesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neuro: predominant motor loss, LMN pattern, assymetric

A

Mononeuritis multiplex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neuro: predominant motor loss, distal

A

MND
Myotonic dystrophy
Polio
Syringomyelia
Variant GBS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chorea

A

Huntington’s
Sydenham’s
OCP
Pregnancy
Polycythaemia
Wilson’s/ Freidrich’s/ SCA
Stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neuro: predominant motor loss, proximal

A

Anterior horn cells: polio, SMA, ALS
Nerve root
Peripheral nerve
NMJ: MG/LEMS
Muscle: ETOH, PMR, Drugs- statins, Hypothyroidism, Cushing’s Dermato/polymyositis,
Muscular dystrophies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neuro: predominant sensory loss, distal, symmetrical

A

ETOH
DM
Drugs- vincristine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neuro: mixed sensory and motor distal peripheral neuropathy

A

GBS
CES
CMT
DM
ETOH
CIDP
Paraneoplastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neuro: cerebellar signs

A

ETOH
Stroke
SOL
MS
Paraneoplastic
Freidrich’s ataxia, SCA, MSA
Wilson’s disease
Phenytoin
CJD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Neuro: tremor

A

PD
Meds- tacrolimus, AED’s
Essential tremor
Cerebellar disease
Thyrotoxicosis
ETOH withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neuro: spastic paraparesis

A

Young -> old
CP
Freidrich’s ataxia
Hereditary spastic paraparesis
Trauma
MS/NMO
Spinal stroke
MND
Syringomyelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neuro: unilateral ptosis (and significance of pupil involvement)

A

Pupil involvement = concerning. Compression of sympathetic fibres running on outside of nerve
Horner’s syndrome (pupil involved- miosis)
3rd nerve palsy (pupil may or may not be involved- mydriasis)
Trauma
Aneurysm
Congenital
Miller Fisher syndrome
MG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neuro: bilateral ptosis

A

MG
Myotonic dystrophy
FSHD
Mitochondrial disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Neuro: 3rd nerve palsy

A

Post communicating artery aneurysm
SOL
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Demyelination
Infarct
DM
HTN
PAN
SLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neuro: 4th nerve palsy

A

Infarction
Demyelination
SOL
Aneurysm
Cavernous sinus thrombus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neuro: 6th nerve palsy

A

Raised ICP (false localising sign)
Tumour
Infarct
Aneurysm
Sinus thrombus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neuro: peripheral loss of vision

A

Cataracts
CRVO
Retinal detachment
RP
Ischaemic optic neuropathy
SOL (Pituitary adenoma)
Glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neuro: central loss of vision

A

CRAO
Cataracts
Hypertensive retinopathy
Optic neuritis
Macula disease- diabetic maculopathy, ARMD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Neuro: causes of INO

A

MS
Stroke
Trauma
Sarcoid
SLE
PSP
SOL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Neuro: causes of RAPD

Study These Flashcards
A

Any cause of optic neuropathy
GCA
MS/NMO
Stroke
Sarcoid/SLE/Sjogrens
SOL

21
Q

Neuro: causes of mixed UMN/LMN signs

Study These Flashcards
A

MND
Freidrichs ataxia
Syringomyelia
Dual pathology

22
Q

Neuro: causes of a bulbar palsy

Study These Flashcards
A

Brainstem stroke/SOL
ALS
Genetic (Kennedy’s disease)
GBS

23
Q

Neuro: causes of a pseudobulbar palsy

Study These Flashcards
A

Bilateral CVAs affecting the internal capsule.
MS
MND
High brainstem tumours
Trauma

24
Q

Splenectomy

Study These Flashcards
A

Trauma
Haematological malignancy
ITP
Haemoglobinopathies- spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, thalassaemia, sickle cell

25
Splenomegaly
Haematological: CML, myelofibrosis, spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, thalassaemia, sickle cell, ITP, haemolytic anaemia Infective: malaria, kala-azar, IE, CMV, EBV Portal HTN Felty's syndrome Infiltrative: amyloid, sarcoid
26
Chronic liver disease
ALD NAFLD Chronic viral hepatitis B/C Autoimmune hepatitis PBC/PSC A1AT Wilson's Haemochromatosis
27
Hepatomegaly
Cirrhotic- ALD, NAFLD Congestive- CCF, budd-chiari Cancer- metastases/HCC Immune- PBC, PSC, AIH Infiltrative- sarcoid, amyloid Infective- IE, CMV, EBV, malaria, Hep B/C
28
Hepatosplenomegaly
portal HTN Infective: IE, EBV, CMV, malaria, kala-azar Infiltrative: amyloid, sarcoid Haem: CML, myelofibrosis
29
Liver transplant
Cirrhosis- ALD, NAFLD Acute hepatic failure - viral hep, paracetamol HCC
30
Most common reasons for renal transplant
Diabetes Hypertension ADPKD Chronic glomerulonephritis
31
Ballotable kidneys
ADPKD Malignancy Other cystic renal disease Hydronephrosis
32
Things to mention with renal transplant
Functioning or not Other current/old methods of RRT Aetiology of transplant Complications of immunosuppression Fluid status
33
Basal lung crackles
ILD Bronchiectasis- mixed insp/exp and move on coughing Fluid overload
34
Thoracotomy scar
Lobectomy or pneumonectomy Biopsy Pleurodhesis Wedge resection
35
Lung transplant
CF Bronchiectasis ILD Pulmonary vascular disease COPD
36
Lobectomy
NSCLC Aspergilloma TB Bullectomy Vascular malformation PTX
37
Pneumonectomy
NSCLC COPD Cancer TB Aspergilloma Abscess CF PTX
38
Pleural effusion
Transudate: CCF, hypothyroidism, Meig's syndrome, renal failure Exudate: cancer, TB, PE, empyema, parapneumonic effusion, RA, SLE, sarcoid Haemothorax Chylothorax
39
Systolic murmur
AS PS MR TR VSD HCM ASD
40
Diastolic murmur
AR PR MS TS
41
Sternotomy scar
CABG Valve surgery- repair, metallic/prosthetic replacement Congenital fixation Transplant
42
Monoarthropathy
Septic arthritis Gout Pseudogout OA Trauma
43
Symmetric deforming polyarthropathy
RA JIA Psoriatic arthritis Enteric arthritis
44
Horner's syndrome
FON: stroke, SOL, wallenbergs, syringomyelia, trauma, MS SON: pancoast tumour, trauma TON: cavernous sinus thrombus, carotid artery dissection
45
Causes of homonomous hemianopia
Vascular- ischaemic or haemorrhagic (MCA or POCS) SOL Trauma MS Encephalitis Abscess CJD
46
Bitemporal hemianopia
SOL- pituitary adenoma Craniopharyngioma, meningioma ACA aneurysm
47
MCA stroke
Higher cortical dysfunction eg neglect, dysphasia Contralateral homonomous hemianopia Contralateral hemisensory loss or weakness
48
ACA stroke
Dysarthria Contralateral hemiplegia and minimal sensory loss
49
POCS
Isolated homonomous hemianopia Brainstorm or cerebellar syndromes

PACES (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions