Difficulties Flashcards

(43 cards)

1
Q

What is plasma used to circulate?

A

Biologically active molecules and compounds

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2
Q

What is the definition of haematocrit?

A

Percentage of blood that is made of red blood cells

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3
Q

What do basophils release?

A

Histamine and heparin

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4
Q

What are the three categories of plasma proteins?

A

Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen

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5
Q

What is leukopoiesis controlled by?

A

Cytokines

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6
Q

What is blood clotting mediated by?

A

Platelets

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7
Q

What do B-cells produce?

A

Antibodies

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8
Q

What does the epidermis prevent?

A

Water loss by evaporation

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9
Q

What is an isotonic twitch?

A

Contraction with shortening length

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10
Q

What is an isometric twitch?

A

Contraction with constant length

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11
Q

What does muscle fatigue prevent?

A

Muscles using up vast amounts of ATP

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12
Q

Which receptors evoke slow IPSPs and EPSPs?

A

G-protein receptors coupled directly to an ion channel

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13
Q

What do osteoblasts derive from?

A

Mesenchymal precursor cell

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14
Q

What do stromal cells?

A

Produce growth factors for haemopoiesis

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15
Q

What are TAGs esters of?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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16
Q

What is steatorrhea?

A

Excess fat in faeces

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17
Q

Where is lipoprotein primarily found?

A

Capillaries of the skeletal muscle

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18
Q

How are chylomicrons released?

A

Through exocytosis

19
Q

What are free fatty acids transported through the blood as?

A

In a complex with serum albumin

20
Q

For every glucose molecule that is broken down, what is produced?

A

2ATP
2NADH
2 Pyruvate

21
Q

Name 3 disaccharides

A

Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

22
Q

What are disaccharide deficiencies characterised by?

A

Abdominal distension

Cramps

23
Q

How is glucose absorbed?

A

By an indirect ATP-powered process

24
Q

Glucose monomers are removed from where in terms of a glycogen molecule?

A

The non-reducing ends

25
When is pyruvate reduced to lactate?
During fermentation
26
What does the adrenal cortex require NADPH for?
Steroid synthesis
27
What is lactate dehydrogenase used to do?
Convert lactate into pyruvate using NAD+
28
What is pyruvate dehydrogenase regulated by?
ATP
29
What does the nucleoli serve as?
The site for ribosomal synthesis and assembly
30
What do catalases regulate?
Hydrogen peroxide concentration
31
Oxidases are involved in what?
Beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids
32
What does the outer membrane of the mitochondria contain?
Porin
33
What is the cristae?
The folded inner membrane of the mitochondria
34
What process is the enzyme nitrogenase required in
Nitrogen fixation
35
What is ammonia a product of?
Oxidative deamination
36
What does the pyridoxal phosphate co-factor do during transamination?
Transfers the amino group
37
Where do trypsin and chromotrypsin work?
Small intestine
38
What do vigorously working muscles rely on for energy?
Glycolysis
39
What are inherited metabolic disorders?
Group of genetic disease involving metabolic defects
40
What are two examples of adrenergic receptors?
Alpha | Beta
41
Which part of the autonomic nervous system has long pre-ganglionic fibres?
Parasympathetic system
42
Ionotropic receptors are found where?
Somatic Nervous system
43
What type of outflow is the parasympathetic system?
Cranio-sacral