Difficulties Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the hounsfield unit a measure of?
How transparent a molecule is
What is the contrast agent most commonly used in MRI?
Gadolinium DTPA
When does an MRI scan only detect vessels?
When the contrast is injected
Is radiotherapy local or systematic therapy?
Local
What is the function of immunotherapy?
Designed to boost the the body’s natural defences against cancers
What does avastin inhibit?
Progression of a metastatic disease
What do tumour suppressor genes promote?
Apoptosis
What does VEGF stimulate?
Angiogenesis
What is drug interaction defined as?
The modification of a drug’s effect by prior or administration of a drug at the same time
What is the main mechanism used for drug excretion?
Glomerular filtration
What is the purpose of metabolism?
Increase water solubility
Aid excretion
Why is bulk flow so important?
Major mechanism in which drugs cross through the capillary walls
What does conjugation usually result in?
Increased water solubility
What must a drug leave to become active?
Then what must it enter?
The bloodstream
Enter the inter or intracellular spaces
Give 2 examples of plasma proteins that drugs bind to?
Albumin
Alpha-1 glycoprotein
How do drugs make their way to the potential site of action?
Through the blood stream
What is the definition of drug bioavailability?
Amount of drug which reaches circulation and which is available for action
Which 3 places in the body affect first pass metabolism?
Gut Lumen
Gut wall
Liver
What does a high Tmax indicate?
High rate of absorption
What type of administration is GTN spray an example of?
Sublingual/buccal
What can drugs do in the GI tract?
Bind to each other
What 3 reactions can occur in phase 1 metabolism?
Hydrolysis
Oxidation
Reduction
What can CYP2D6 metabolise?
Some antidepressants and can also convert codeine to morphine
Where does conjugation of a drug occur?
Phase 2 metabolism
