Digestion

Question 1

What are the two types of digestion?

Answer 1

chemical and physical

Question 2

what is chemical digestion?

Answer 2

the break DOWN of large insoluble food molecules to small soluble molecules by enzymes for absorption into blood

Question 3

what is physical digestion?

Answer 3

the break UP of food with use of teeth and muscle

Question 4

what enzyme breaks down protein and where is it found?

Answer 4

protease, in the stomach

Question 5

what are proteins broken into?

Answer 5

amino acids

Question 6

what enzyme breaks down starch, where is it found and what is it made into?

Answer 6

amylase, found in the salivary glands in the mouth and is made into glucose

Question 7

what enzyme breaks down lipids and what is it broken into?

Answer 7

lipase, fatty acids and glycerol

Question 8

what are proteins used for?

Answer 8

repairs and growth in muscles and tendons
hormones eg insulin
antibodies and enzymes/catalysts

Question 9

how do we test for proteins?

Answer 9

biuret reagent test - it starts blue and goes purple in the presence of proteins.

Question 10

what are lipids used for?

Answer 10

cell membranes, energy, hormones

Question 11

how do we test for lipids?

Answer 11

emulsion test

Question 12

what is the test for glucose and what are the steps?

Answer 12

Benedict's test
take 5ml of Benedict's reagent
add 8 drops of carbohydrate solution
boil over flame or in boiling water for 2 mins
let solution cool down
if glucose isn't present colour is blue
if it is present colour is orange/red

Question 13

what does bile break up?

Answer 13

fats

Question 14

what is the function of the pancreas

Answer 14

makes enzymes for the small intestine

Question 15

what is the function of the liver

Answer 15

makes bile

Question 16

what is the function of the gall bladder

Answer 16

stores bile

Question 17

what is the function of the small intestine

Answer 17

chemical digestion and absorption of soluble foods

Question 18

what is the function of the large intestine

Answer 18

absorb water

Question 19

what is the optimum pH for the mouth

Answer 19

8 - saliva is alkaline

Question 20

what Is the optimum pH for stomach

Answer 20

1-2, it can destroy viruses/bacteria

Question 21

what is the optimum pH of the small intestine

Answer 21

8-9

Question 22

what order does food flow through the digestive system

Answer 22

mouth - oesophagus - stomach - small intestine - large intestine - rectum - anus

Question 23

what is one reason the stomach contains acids

Answer 23

it provides optimum pH for the protease enzyme

Question 24

how is the small intestine adapted to perform its function

Answer 24

large surface area for food storage and large blood supply to maintain concentration gradient of soluble food molecules, also has a thin wall of cells for shorter diffusion distance.

Question 25

what is ingestion

Answer 25

taking food into the body

Question 26

what is digestion

Answer 26

the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules to small soluble food molecules by enzymes for absorption into the blood

Question 27

what is absorption

Answer 27

taking soluble products of digestion into the blood

Question 28

what is assimilation

Answer 28

the processes by which soluble food molecules that have been absorbed into the blood are then used in the body

Question 29

what is egestion

Answer 29

removal of indigestible material from the body

Question 30

what is the contraction of muscles in the oesophagus allowing the movement of food along the digestive system

Answer 30

peristalsis

Question 31

what does bile do

Answer 31

neutralise the stomach acid and emulsifies fats - break fats into tiny droplets

Question 32

where is protease produced

Answer 32

stomach, small intestine, pancreas

Question 33

where is amylase made

Answer 33

salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine

Question 34

where are lipases made

Answer 34

pancreas, small intestine

Question 35

which group of digestive enzymes does amylase belong to

Answer 35

carbohydrases

Question 36

what are carbohydrates converted into

Answer 36

sugars