Digestion Flashcards
(47 cards)
What is absorb?
To take in a substance so that it becomes part of the organism
What is digestion?
The process of breaking down food into molecules that can be absorbed by the body
What is emulsify?
To break down fat into tiny droplets, so that it is easier to digest
What is egestion?
The removal of waste/faeces (indigestible food) from the body
What is enzyme?
Biological catalysts - protein molecules that speeds up the rate of a chemical (metabolic) reaction in the body
What is ingestion?
Taking food into the digestive system
What is insoluble?
A molecule that cannot dissolve in water which additionally, cannot be absorbed into the blood
What is metabolism?
The chemical processes that take place in the cells in the body.
The rate at which these take place is called the metabolic rate.
What is peristalsis?
The process of muscular contraction and relaxation of the gut wall that pushes food along the digestive tract
What is secretion?
The production and release of useful substances
What is soluble?
A molecule that can dissolve in water, and so it can be absorbed into the blood stream
What is the villi?
The walls of the small intestine that absorb molecules of food and water into the bloodstream.
Search up what they look like (fucking fingers or something ewwww)
What are the 5 stages of the digestive system for an animal?
- Ingestion
- Mechanical digestion
- Chemical digestion
- Absorption
- Egestion
What do digestive enzymes do?
Speed up the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into smaller, soluble molecules that can be absorbed through the small intestine wall into the bloodstream for use by body cells.
What happens to carbohydrates/starch through digestive enzymes?
- Carbohydrates
- Through the enzyme, carbohydrase/amylase
- Turns into smaller, soluble food molecules, sugar (glucose)
What happens to protein through digestive enzymes?
- Protein
- Through the enzyme, protease
- Turns into smaller, soluble food molecules, amino acids
What happens to fat (lipids) through digestive enzymes?
- fat (lipids)
- Through the enzyme, lipase
- Turns into smaller, soluble food molecules, fatty acids + glycerol phosphate
When testing for starch, what happens to the colour of the iodine solution?
Changes from orange/brown to purple/black
When testing for glucose, what happens to the benedict’s solution colour?
It changes from blue to orange
When testing for protein, what happens to the biuret solution’s colour?
It changes from blue to lilac
Are enzymes specific? Explain why.
Enzymes are specific as protease’ active site shape cannot collide with starch to successfully collide (it couldn’t fit in), therefore during the test it changed colour. However that is why protease’ active site is complimentary to the protein molecule as it can collide and create enzyme substrate complex. Therefore the protease would’ve broken down the protein into amino acids so the colour wouldn’t change. For image reference, look at page 8 in ur digestive system in humans book.
Protease’ active site cannot collide with starch so changes colour in test however it can collide with protein creating enzyme substrate complex , not changing colour in test and making enzyme specific…
What temperature do digestive enzymes work best?
Digestive enzymes work best at 37 degrees. However, when the temperature rises, enzyme reactions increase but if it gets too hot, the enzyme stops working.
Where’s the gallbladder located?
On the liver, that green thing. But for safe measures, it’s located on the liver.
Where’s the bileduct?
That line connecting the gallbladder to the small intestine
