Digestion

Question 1

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

Answer 1

To break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body.

Question 2

What are the main structures of the digestive system?

Answer 2

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

Question 3

True or False: The esophagus is responsible for nutrient absorption.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What is the role of sphincters in the digestive system?

Answer 4

Sphincters control the passage of food between different parts of the digestive tract.

Question 5

Name the sphincter located at the junction of the esophagus and stomach.

Answer 5

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES).

Question 6

Fill in the blank: The _______ sphincter prevents the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus.

Answer 6

Lower esophageal

Question 7

What are the two main types of digestion?

Answer 7

Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.

Question 8

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 8

The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces.

Question 9

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 9

The enzymatic breakdown of food into its chemical building blocks.

Question 10

True or False: The stomach is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

What accessory organ produces bile?

Answer 11

Liver.

Question 12

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 12

To store and concentrate bile.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The _______ produces digestive enzymes that help in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Answer 13

Pancreas

Question 14

What is the role of the small intestine?

Answer 14

To absorb nutrients from digested food.

Question 15

Name the three parts of the small intestine.

Answer 15

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Question 16

True or False: The large intestine is primarily involved in nutrient absorption.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Answer 17

To absorb water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) with the stomach.

Answer 18

Esophagus

Question 19

What is the function of the rectum?

Answer 19

To store feces before elimination.

Question 20

What role do villi play in the small intestine?

Answer 20

Villi increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.

Question 21

What is the function of the mucosa in the digestive tract wall?

Answer 21

To secrete mucus and digestive enzymes.

Question 22

True or False: The submucosa layer of the digestive tract wall contains blood vessels and nerves.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is the primary role of the muscularis layer in the digestive tract?

Answer 23

To facilitate peristalsis and segmentation.

Question 24

What is peristalsis?

Answer 24

A series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The _______ are finger-like projections lining the small intestine.

Answer 25

Villi

Question 26

What is the serosa?

Answer 26

The outermost layer of the digestive tract wall.

Question 27

What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?

Answer 27

To produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.

Question 28

True or False: The gallbladder directly produces bile.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

What is the function of bile?

Answer 29

To emulsify fats, aiding in their digestion and absorption.

Question 30

What type of digestion occurs in the mouth?

Answer 30

Both mechanical and chemical digestion.

Question 31

What enzyme begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth?

Answer 31

Salivary amylase.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The _______ connects the small intestine to the large intestine.

Answer 32

Cecum

Question 33

What role do enzymes play in chemical digestion?

Answer 33

They catalyze the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones.

Question 34

What does the term 'chyme' refer to?

Answer 34

The semi-liquid mixture of food and digestive juices in the stomach.

Question 35

True or False: The digestive system includes both the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What is the primary purpose of the digestive tract wall?

Answer 36

To facilitate digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Question 37

What is the role of the liver in metabolism?

Answer 37

To process nutrients absorbed from the small intestine.

Question 38

What is the term for the wave-like motion that moves food through the digestive system?

Answer 38

Peristalsis.

Question 39

What is the function of intestinal flora in the large intestine?

Answer 39

To aid in the fermentation of undigested material.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the final section of the large intestine.

Answer 40

Rectum

Question 41

What is an accessory organ that aids in digestion but is not part of the digestive tract?

Answer 41

Pancreas.

Question 42

True or False: The stomach has a single layer of muscle.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 43

To control the passage of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine.

Question 44

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the part of the digestive system where most absorption occurs.

Answer 44

Small intestine

Question 45

What are the primary components of gastric juice?

Answer 45

Hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes.

Question 46

What is the significance of the duodenum?

Answer 46

It is the first part of the small intestine where most chemical digestion occurs.

Question 47

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a flap that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

Answer 47

Epiglottis

Question 48

What role does fiber play in digestion?

Answer 48

It aids in the movement of food through the digestive tract.

Question 49

True or False: Enzymes are consumed during the digestion process.

Answer 49

False

Question 50

What is the function of the pharynx in digestion?

Answer 50

To serve as a pathway for food from the mouth to the esophagus.