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Chapter 12: Digestive > digestion > Flashcards

digestion Flashcards

1
Q

abdomen

A

portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis

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2
Q

absorption

A

the passage of substances across and into tissues

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3
Q

alimentary canal

A

a musculomembranous tube, about 30 feet long (also called the digestive tract or gastrointesteninal tract

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4
Q

amino acids

A

an orange chemical compound of one or more amino aci groups

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5
Q

amylase

A

an enzyme that breaks down starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules

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6
Q

anus

A

opening which waste exits

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7
Q

ascitic fluid

A

a watery fluid containing glucose and electrolytes that accumulates in the peritoneal cavity because of certain diseases

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8
Q

bile

A

yellow green secretion of liver

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9
Q

bilirubin

A

the orange yellow pigment of bile due to the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells

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10
Q

bolus

A

a ball like chewed mass of food that is ready to be swallowed

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11
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

the muscle ring in the stomach that controls food from the esophagus and the stomach

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12
Q

cecum

A

a cul-de-sac in the large intestine, joins the ileum (last part of small intestine)

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13
Q

cholangiogram

A

a record, or xray film

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14
Q

cholelithiasis

A

gallstones in the gallbladder

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15
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

the presence of a stone in the common bile duct

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16
Q

chyme

A

liquid like digested food in stomach

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17
Q

colon

A

large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum

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18
Q

common bile duct

A

the duct formed by the joining of the cystic duct and the hepatic duct

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19
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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20
Q

duodenum

A

first portion of the small intestine. the shortest and widest

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21
Q

emulsify

A

to disoerse a liquid into another liquid making a colloidal suspension

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22
Q

endocrine gland

A

a gland that secretes its enzymes directly into the blood capillaries instead of being transported by ducts

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23
Q

enzyme

A

a protein produced by living cell that catalyzes chemical reactions in organic matter

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24
Q

exocrine gland

A

a gland that secretes its enzyme into a network of tiny ducts to transport to an organ or tissue

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25
gallbladder
a pear shaped excretory sac lodged in a fossa on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver
26
gavage
a procedure in which liquid or semiliquid food is introduced into the stomach through a tube
27
gingiva
gum tissue
28
glucagon
a hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into gluclose when blood sugar is dangerously low
29
glucose
simple sugar found in food
30
glycogen
a complex sugar that is a major carb stored in animal cells
31
glycogeneis
the conversion of simple sugar into a complex form for storage
32
glycogenolysis
the breakdown of glycogen into glucose - releasing it back into the blood
33
hemetemesis
vomiting of blood
34
hepacyte
liver cell
35
hydrochloric acid
a compound consisting of hydrogen and chloride
36
ileum
the distal portion of the small intestine
37
insulin
a naturally occurring hormone secreted by beta cells of the islets of langerhans in the pancreas in response t a rise in blood sugar
38
jejunum
the intermediate or middle 3 portions of the small intestine
39
laparoscope
a thin walled flexible tube with a telescopic lens used in the abdomin for surgery
40
lavage
the process of rinsing out an organ- usually the bladder, sinuses or stomach
41
lipase
an enzyme that aids in the digestion of fats
42
liver
largest gland- most complex organ
43
mastication
chewing tearing and grinding food when it becomes mixed with saliva
44
mcburney's point
the right side of the abdomen- associated with appendicitis
45
oropharynx
section of the pharynx leading to the oral cavity
46
papillae
small nipple shaped projection
47
parotoid gland
one of the largest saliva glands located just below the ear on side of face
48
peristalsis
muscle contractions that forces food through the digestive tract
49
peritoneum
specific membrane that covers the entire abdomen
50
pyloric sphincter
thickened muscular ring that reguates passage of food from stomach to the duodenum
51
pyorrhea
discharge of pu
52
sigmoid colon
extends from the end of the descending colon to the rectum
53
triglycerides
a compound of fatty acid and glycerol (oleic, palmitic, or stearic
54
abdominal ultrasound
sonagram
55
abdominocentesis
inserting a needle or trocar into abdomen while in sitting position to remove excess fluid
56
alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
a hepatocellular enzyme released in elevated amounts due to liver dysfunction
57
alkaline phosphatase
enzyme found in highest levels in the liver, biliary tract and bone
58
amylase
an enzyme that is secreted by the pancreas and travels to the duodenum to aid in digestion
59
capsule enscopy
tiny camera size of a capsule to view the entire length of small intestine
60
cheiloplasty
lip surgery
61
cholecystectomy
removal of the gallbladder
62
cholecystography
xray of gallbladder following ingestion of pill with a dye
63
colostomy
surgical creation of a new opening on the abdominal wall through which the feces is expelled
64
ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
examines the size anfd the filling of the pancreativ and biliary ducts
65
EGD esophagogastroduodenscopy
viewing of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum
66
ESWL extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
blasting the gallstones
67
gastric analysis
study of the stomach content to determine the acid content
68
gastric lavage
irrigation of the stomach
69
herniorrhaphy
surgical repair of hernia
70
nasogastic intubation
placement of tube through nose into the stomach to relieve gastric detension by removing gastric secretions, food or gas
71
PTC percuntaneous transhepatic cholangiography
examination of the bile duct by usung a needle
72
48 hour PH STUDY
MEASURES GERD
73
serum bilirubin
a measurement of bilirubin level in the serum
74
SGOT serum glumstic oxaloacetic transaminase
an enzyme that has very high concetration in the liver
75
achlorhydria
absence of hydrocholic acid in gastic fluid
76
aphagia
loss of ability to swallow
77
ascites
abnormal collection of fluid in peritoneal cavity
78
borborygmus
rumbling, gurgling sounds from abdomen
79
dyspepsia
epigastic discomfort after eating - bloating, nausea, heartburn
80
emesis
the material expelled from the stomach from vomiting
81
emaciation
excessive leaness due to lack of nutrition
82
eructation
burping
83
icterus
jaundice
84
melena
abnormal black tarry stool containing digested blood
85
pruritis ani
chronic itching of skin around anus
86
stearorrhea
greater amounts of fat in feces, characterized by frothy fecal matter that floats

Chapter 12: Digestive (2 decks)

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