Digestion

Question 1

Alimentary Canal Parts

Answer 1

• mouth
• pharynx
• esophagus
• stomach
• small intestine
• anus

Question 2

2 functions of the pancreas

Answer 2

• produces pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes

- produces insulin & glucagon (hormones that regulate blood sugar levels)

Question 3

3 functions of the liver

Answer 3

• detoxifying center (breaks down drugs and alcohol)
• stores vitamins and glycogen
• creates and stores bile, which physically breaks down fat molecules into oily droplets

Question 4

1 function of the gallbladder

Answer 4

The gallbladder stores excess bile until you need it

Question 5

Where does most digestion and absorption occur?

Answer 5

The small intestine

Question 6

How is digestion different from absorption?

Answer 6

• digestion is the breaking down of food into molecules small enough to be absorbed by body cells
• absorption is the uptake of small nutrient molecules by cells lining the digestive tract

Question 7

What molecules accelerate digestion?

Answer 7

Digestive enzymes

Question 8

What do villi and microvilli do for the small intestine?

Answer 8

They absorb broken down nutrient molecules and release them into the bloodstream for distribution to all other body cells

Question 9

Where is the epiglottis for and where is it found?

Answer 9

The epiglottis is located in the pharynx. It closes when you are eating to block the glottis, which is the opening of the trachea

Question 10

Ulcer

Answer 10

If the protective mucus lining the interior of the stomach degenerates faster that it’s being renewed ulcers can form, which are usually caused by bacteria that weren’t killed by stomach acids.

Question 11

Heartburn

Answer 11

The back flow of stomach acids into the lower esophagus; caused by the failure of sphincter muscles at the top of the stomach to shut properly

Question 12

Sphincter Muscles

Answer 12

Ring like muscles located at the top and bottom the the stomach; control the flow of digestible materials in and out of the stomach

Question 13

Trachea

Answer 13

Located in the pharynx; air pipe for breathing

Question 14

Amylase

Answer 14

Located in the mouth; digestive enzyme in saliva that break starch molecules down into individual sugar molecules

Question 15

Pepsin

Answer 15

Located in the stomach; cells lining the interior of the stomach secrete gastric juice containing pepsin, a digestive enzyme that physically break protein molecules into smaller pieces

Question 16

Villi & Microvilli

Answer 16

Finger like projections located on the interior of the small intestine; absorbs nutrient molecules before releasing them into the bloodstream for distribution to all body cells

Question 17

Colon

Answer 17

Large intestine; the colon absorbs water from the alimentary canal

Question 18

Peristalsis

Answer 18

In the process of peristalsis the esophagus moves food along the alimentary canal by contracting and releasing its muscles, squeezing the ball of food along the esophagus

Question 19

Undernourishment

Answer 19

Insufficient caloric intake; occurs when food sources are disrupted or unattainable

Question 20

Malnutrition

Answer 20

Malnutrition results when overall diets are insufficient, and can result in medical issues like metabolic or digestive abnormalities

Question 21

Which molecules are used most quickly for short term energy? Which store the most energy per pound?

Answer 21

Carbs are often used first. Fats store the most energy per pound.