digestion + absorption

Question 1

Digestion + absorption of carbs in the mouth

Answer 1

1. mechanical digestion by the teeth
2. chemical digestion by saliva which contains salivary amylase (begins hydrolysis of starch)

Question 2

digestion + absorption of carbs in the small intestine

Answer 2

in duodenum, pancreatic amylase: breaks down starches
galactose + fructose (through faciliated diffusion) —–> intestinal cell —-> into the IF (through facilitated diffusion)—-> blood

Question 3

digestion + absorption of proteins

Answer 3

proteins in the stomach—-> pepsin will begin the hydrolysis of polypeptides—–> in duodenum, pancreatic protease will break them down into amino acids—–> Na will drag in amino acids through the intestinal cell via secondary active transport—-> into the IF (through facilitated diffusion)—-> blood

Question 4

digestion + absorption of lipids

Answer 4

glycerides + FA—-> emulsified by bile salts—-> pancreatic lipase breaks them down into glycerides—> diffuse into the intestinal cell by simple diffusion—-> smooth ER reassembles into triglycerides—> Golgi apparatus packages them into chylomicrons–>leave through exocytosis into the villi

Question 5

pathway for lipids after leaving intestinal cell

Answer 5

chylomicron–>lacteal of lymphatic system—> lymph vessels–> intestinal trunk—> cysterna chili—> thoracic duct–> subclavian vein—> SVC—> heart