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HUN2201 > Digestion & Absorption > Flashcards

Digestion & Absorption Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Saliva contains…

A

Salivary amylase, lingual lipase, lysozyme

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2
Q

Salivary amylase…

A

Breaks down starch into maltose

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3
Q

Lingual lipase…

A

Breaks down triglycerides into glycerides and fatty acids

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4
Q

What blocks the airway when swallowing?

A

Epiglottis

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5
Q

Longitudinal muscles (esophagus)…

A

Press down

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6
Q

What is GERD?

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

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7
Q

Circular muscles (esophagus)…

A

Press in

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8
Q

What is not broken down chemically in the mouth?

A

Protein

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9
Q

What controls entry to stomach?

A

Esophageal (cardiac) sphincter

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10
Q

Heartburn and GERD are due to…

A

Backflow of acid into esophagus

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11
Q

Avoid these foods when suffering from heartburn or GERD (5)

A

Caffeine, citrus, spicy food, mint, and alcohol

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12
Q

What are the functions of HCl? (4)

A
  1. Denatures protein
  2. Activates pepsin
  3. Turns off salivary amylase
  4. Kills bacteria
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13
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wave like muscle movement in GI tract

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14
Q

Lysozyme…

A

Kills bacteria

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15
Q

What part of the GI tract is gastric lipase found in?

A

Stomach

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16
Q

Cardiac sphincter distinction results in…

A

Heartburn and GERD

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17
Q

GERD and heartburn treatments include…

A

Tums and PPI

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18
Q

Gastrin is a ______ that does what?

A

Hormone, stimulates gastric secretion and movement

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19
Q

Gastric lipase (what is it and what does it do)

A

Enzyme, triglyceride —> diglyceride + 1 fatty acid

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20
Q

What part of the GI tract is gastrin found in

A

Stomach

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21
Q

What part of the GI tract is pepsin found in?

A

Stomach

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22
Q

Pepsin is secreted as _________ and activated by ____

A

Pepsinogen and HCl

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23
Q

What is pepsin and what is its function?

A

Enzyme that hydrolyzes protein into smaller peptide chains

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24
Q

Ulcers can be caused by what 3 things?

A
  1. H pylori
  2. Overuse of anti-inflammatory medication
  3. Excessive acid production
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25
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum
26
Anatomy of intestines?
Circular folds to increase surface area for villi and microvilli
27
Function of villi?
Absorb nutrients
28
Physical digestion in intestines (2)
1. Peristalsis | 2. Segmentation
29
Peristalsis (intestines)
Forward movement
30
Segmentation (intestines)
Circular movement
31
What are cholecystokinin’s functions?
1. Releases pancreatic enzymes 2. Stimulates gallbladder to release bile 3. Slows GI motility
32
Chemical digestion in intestines includes these hormones (4)
1. Gastrin ??? 2. Secretin 3. Cholecystokinin (CCK) 4. Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
33
What part of the GI tract is secretin found in?
Small intestines
34
What part of the GI tract is cholecystokinin found in?
Small intestine
35
What part of the GI tract is gastric inhibitory peptide found in?
Small intestine
36
What are secretin’s functions?
1. Stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate 2. Stimulates bile production 3. Inhibits gastrin release
37
Secretin is released from...
Duodenal mucosa
37
Bicarbonate is made in the...
Pancreas
39
Where is gastric inhibitory peptide released from?
Duodenal mucosa
40
What is gastric inhibitory peptide’s function?
1. Stimulates insulin secretion
41
What does bicarbonate do?
Neutralizes acidic chyme
42
Gastric inhibitory peptide receptors are found where?
Pancreatic B cells
43
Cholecystokinin is released from...
Duodenal mucosa
44
What two enzymes are used to digest carbs in the small intestine?
1. Pancreatic amylase | 2. Brush border enzymes
45
Brush border enzymes
Disaccharides —> monosaccharides
46
What two TYPES of enzymes are used to digest proteins in the small intestine?
1. Proteases | 2. Peptidases
47
What do proteases do?
Cleave peptide bonds | Break down polypeptides into small peptides and amino acids
48
Proteases are secreted...
By the pancreas into the small intestine
49
Proteases need to be...
Activated; secreted in inactive forms
50
Pancreatic amylase
Starch —> maltose
51
Peptidases are excreted from...
Surface of intestinal epithelial cells
52
What proteases are active in the small intestine?
1. Trypsinogen —> trypsin | 2. Chymotrypsinogen —> chymotripsin
53
What enzyme is used to digest lipids in the small intestine?
Pancreatic lipase
54
Pancreatic lipase function
Triglyceride—> monoglyceride + 2 fatty acids | Also results in some free glycerol
55
What do peptidases do?
Further breakdown of proteins (after proteases)
56
Bile is released from...
The gallbladder
57
What causes the release of bile?
Cholecystokinin (cck)
58
What is bile? What does it do?
An emulsifier (breaks down fat into smaller particles)
59
Besides the enzyme, what else is used in the small intestine to digest lipids?
Bile
60
What is IBD? What two diseases fall under IBD?
Irritable bowel disease | Crohn’s disease & ulcerative colitis
61
What is IBS?
Irritable Bowel syndrome
62
Difference between IBD and IBS?
IBD symptoms include abdominal pain and bleeding while IBS symptoms include diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain ((IBD is worse)) IBD requires drug therapy
63
What is absorbed through facilitated diffusion?
Fructose
64
What is absorbed through active transport?
Amino acids and glucose
65
Steps of fat absorption
1. Emulsification 2. Pancreatic lipase hydrolyzes triglycerides (—> mono + 2 fatty acids) 3. Monoglycerides and fatty acids absorbed into enterocyte
66
Lymphatic circulation in small intestine
Lacteal in each villus, absorbs lipids and fat soluble vitamins
67
Elimination order
Large intestine -> rectum -> anal sphincter -> excretion
68
In the large intestine what is absorbed?
1. Water 2. Some minerals 3. Bacterial products

HUN2201 (2 decks)

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