digestion, absorption, and metabolism

Question 1

absorption

Answer 1

the passage of nutrients into the blood or lymphatic system

Question 2

adipose tissue

Answer 2

fat tissue

Question 3

aerobic metabolism

Answer 3

combining nutrients with oxygen within the cell (oxidation)

Question 4

basal metabolism rate (BMR)

Answer 4

the amount of calories (energy) your body requires to perform involuntary functions

Question 5

bile

Answer 5

made by the liver and stored in the gallbladder
bile helps digest fats

Question 6

bolus

Answer 6

chewed up chunk of food (food in the mouth ready to be swallowed)

Question 7

bomb calorimeter

Answer 7

machine that measures the amount of energy in food

Question 8

calorie

Answer 8

the amount of energy in food (kcal)

Question 9

capillaries

Answer 9

tiny blood vessels connecting veins and arteries

Question 10

cardiac sphincter

Answer 10

muscle at the base of the esophagus

prevents acid reflux from going into the esophagus

Question 11

catabolism

Answer 11

the breakdown of compounds during metabolism

Question 12

catalyst

Answer 12

a substance that causes another substance to react

Question 13

chemical digestion

Answer 13

chemical changing of food during digestion

caused by hydrolysis

Question 14

cholecystokinin (CCK)

Answer 14

hormone that triggers the gallbladder to release stored bile

Question 15

chyme (kime)

Answer 15

food mass mixed with juices

Question 16

colon

Answer 16

large intestine
responsible for absolving excess water from digested food

Question 17

digestion

Answer 17

the breakdown of food in the body to prepare it for absorption

Question 18

duodenum

Answer 18

first part of the small intestine

Question 19

energy balance

Answer 19

eating the same amount of calories that your body needs

Question 20

energy requirement

Answer 20

the number of calories your body needs in a 24h period

Question 21

enzymes

Answer 21

protein causing chemical reaction

Question 22

esophagus

Answer 22

10 inch tube leading from the mouth to the stomach

Question 23

feces

Answer 23

shit

Question 24

fundus (of stomach)

Answer 24

upper part of the stomach

Question 25

gastic juices

Answer 25

digestive secretions of the stomach made up of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and mucus (++rennin and gastric lipase in kids)

Question 26

gastrin

Answer 26

hormone related by the stomach that stimulates secretion of gastric acid

Question 27

gastrointestinal (GI) tract

Answer 27

digestive system

Question 28

hormones

Answer 28

chemical messenger

Question 29

hydrolysis

Answer 29

the process of water being added to break down molecules

Question 30

ileum

Answer 30

last part of the small intestine

Question 31

jejunum

Answer 31

middle part of the small intestine

Question 32

kilocalorie (kcal)

Answer 32

same as calorie

Question 33

Krebs cycle

Answer 33

a series of enzymatic reactions that serve as the main source of cellular energy

Question 34

lactase

Answer 34

enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose

Question 35

lacteals

Answer 35

lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that absorb fatty acids and glycerol

Question 36

lean body mass

Answer 36

amount of muscle in your body

Question 37

lymphatic system

Answer 37

transports fat soluble substances from the small intestine to the vascular system

Question 38

maltase

Answer 38

enzyme responsible for breaking down maltose

Question 39

mechanical digestion

Answer 39

part of digestion needed mechanical movements such as chewing, swallowing, and peristalsis

Question 40

metabolism

Answer 40

use of food by the body after digestion --> energy

Question 41

pancreas

Answer 41

gland that secrets enzymes

Question 42

pancreatic amylase

Answer 42

pancreatic enzyme found in the small intestine breaks down starch into simple sugars

Question 43

pancreatic lipase

Answer 43

pancreatic enzyme found in the small intestine breaks down fats into fatty acids

Question 44

pancreatic proteases

Answer 44

enzymes secreted by pancreas to digest proteins

Question 45

pepsin

Answer 45

stomach enzyme that digests proteins

Question 46

peptidases

Answer 46

enzyme secreted by the pancreas in the small intestine to break down proteins

Question 47

pylorus

Answer 47

last part of the stomach

Question 48

resting energy expenditure (REE)

Answer 48

same a BMR

Question 49

saliva

Answer 49

solution secreted by salivary glands contains salivary amylase

Question 50

salivary amylase

Answer 50

enzyme found in salivas to start breaking down starch

Question 51

secretin

Answer 51

hormone that triggers the pancreas to make sodium bicarbonate to neutralize acidity of the chyme

Question 52

sucrase

Answer 52

enzyme secreted by the small intestine to break down sucrose

Question 53

villi

Answer 53

tiny hairlike structures in the small intestine that absorb fatty acids and glycerol