Digestion And Enzymes Flashcards
(21 cards)
Active site
the site on an enzyme where the reactants bind
Amino acids
molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen that are the building blocks of proteins
amylase
enzyme that speeds up the digestion of starch into sugars
Bile
neutralises stomach acid to give a high pH for the enzymes from the pancreas and small intestine to
work well. It is not an enzyme
carbohydrases
enzymes that speed up the breakdown of carbohydrates into simple sugars
Carbohydrates
molecules that contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide the energy for the
metabolism and are found in foods such as rice, potatoes, and bread
catalyst
a substance that speeds up the rate of another reaction but is not used up or changed itself
denatured
the breakdown of the molecular structure of a protein so it no longer functions
Digestive system
organ system where food is digested and absorbed
Enzymes
biological catalysts, usually proteins
Fatty acids
part of the structure of a lipid molecule
Glycerol
part of the structure of a lipid molecule
Lipase
enzymes that speed up the breakdown of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
Lipids
include fats and oils and are found in foods such as butter, olive oil, and crisps. They are made of
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Metabolism
the sum of all the reactions taking place in a cell or the body of an organism
Organ
an aggregation (collection ) of different tissues working together to carry out specific functions
Organ system
a group of organs that work together to carry out specific functions and form organisms
Proteases
Enzymes that speed up the breakdown of proteins into amino acids
Proteins
molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen and are made of long chains of amino
acids. They are used for building the cells and tissues of the body and to form enzymes
Simple sugars
small carbohydrate units, for example glucose
Tissue
a group of specialised cells with a similar structure and function
