Digestion And Exretion

Question 1

What are the key parts of the urinary system

Answer 1

Bladder ,urethra, kidneys, ureters

Question 2

Why do we need a urinary system

Answer 2

Filters blood and removes waste and excess water

Question 3

What are the key parts of the kidney

Answer 3

Medulla , cortex , nephron , glomelorulus loop of Henle
Renal artery renal vein renal tubule

Question 4

What are nephrons

Answer 4

Nephrons are filtering units each kidney has about 1 million

Question 5

What does the glomerulus

Answer 5

Glomerulus are in nephrons they filter your blood (ultrafiltration)

Question 6

What happens in the PCT

Answer 6

Selective reabsorption takes place escaped glucose or useful substances goes back to the blood

Question 7

What happens in the loop of henle

Answer 7

Some water may move back into the blood if dehydrated

Question 8

What happens in dct

Answer 8

Salt levels are adjusted

Question 9

What happens in the collecting duct

Answer 9

Final point to reabsorb any excess water back to the blood

Question 10

What is osmoregulation

Answer 10

A homeostatic mechanism that regulates optimum conditions eg water temperature salts in the tissues and body

Question 11

What is the role of the hypothalamus in controlling water levels

Answer 11

Detects how much water is In the blood

Question 12

What is the role of the pituitary gland in controlling water levels

Answer 12

Release ADH(hormone )

Question 13

When is ADH relesesd

Answer 13

When there is a decrease in water content

Question 14

What does ADH do

Answer 14

Helps control the amount of water your body loses through urine ADH is produced in the hypothalamus

Question 15

What happens in the mouth during digestion

Answer 15

Teeth and young physically break down food chewing
Salivary glands produce saliva to moisten food
Enzymes are secreted to break down
Bolus frormed from food and saliva
Epiglottis blocks food from going down trachea

Question 16

Describe the structure of the stomach

Answer 16

Epithelial tissue
Enzyme producing cells
Muscles

Question 17

What are the functions of the stomach

Answer 17

Muscles contract and relax to break down food
Churning mixing with stomach juices
Enzyme protease
Chyme
Prarcially digested food mixed with stomach acid to kill bacteria

Question 18

What 3 parts make up the small intestine

Answer 18

Duodenum jejunum ileum

Question 19

What happens In the small intestine

Answer 19

Break down food and absorb nutrients
Duodenum bile and pancreatic juices secreted bile emulsifys fat easier to digest

Question 20

How are the jejunum and ileum adapted for absorption

Answer 20

Long and highly folded surface with millions of villi
Villus only one cell thick
Huge network of capparies
Enzymes produced in walls

Question 21

The pancreas has exocrine functions what does this mean

Answer 21

Responsible for secretion of digestive enzymes ions and water

Question 22

The pancreas has endocrine functions what does this mean

Answer 22

Endocrine pancreas makes insulin which controls blood sugar levels

Question 23

What are the roles of the gall bladder and liver

Answer 23

Bile is made in liver and stored in gall bladder
Glycogen is stored in the liver
Liver breaks down toxins alcohol

Question 24

What are the roles of the large intestine and anus

Answer 24

Anus sphincter controls opening of anus
Goblet cells lubricate L intestine so feaces move through
gut microbiota aids digestion
Water and mineral removed and absorbed

Question 25

How are glucose and amino acids absorbed into the blood stream

Answer 25

Are absorbed by active transport low to heigh concentration

Question 26

How are glycerol and fatty acids absorbed into the blood stream

Answer 26

Move by diffusion and then combine to form triglycerides by the SER protein coat is added to fat molecules then diffuses into lymphatic vessels to be moved around the body

Question 27

How are inorganic ions and water absorbed into the bloodstream

Answer 27

Inorganic ion dosent contain carbon

Question 28

Where is amlayse made and what does it do

Answer 28

Made in salivary gland and pancreas Digest starch into smaller molecules such as maltose and glucose

Question 29

Where is trysPsin made and what does it do

Answer 29

Made in pancreas Is an enzyme that helps us digest protein in the small intestine continuing the process of digestion that began in the stomach

Question 30

Where is liPaSe made and what does it do

Answer 30

LiPaSe is made in pancreas mouth and stomach

Question 31

Where is pepsin made and what does it do

Answer 31

Gastric chief cells of stomach lining as pepsin is a stomach enzyme that digests proteins found in undefeated food

Question 32

What cells in the pancreas detect low sugar levels and secrete insulin

Answer 32

Pancreatic B cells detect a decrease

Question 33

What 4 things does insulin cause to happen which reduces blood sugar levels

Question 34

What is glycogenisis

Answer 34

Making of glycogen conversion of glucose into glycogen ( glucose stored as glycogen in liver and muscles )

Question 35

What is lipogenisis

Answer 35

Excess glucose is turned into lipids in liver

Question 36

What cells in the pancreas detect higher sugar levels and secrete glucagon

Answer 36

Alpha cells in the pancreas release glucagon which elevates blood glucose

Question 37

What is glycogenolysis

Answer 37

When glycogen breaks down in to glucose in muscle cells and liver

Question 38

What is gluconeogenesis

Answer 38

Lipids or protein are turned into glucose occurs in liver and kidneys

Question 39

What are the causes of type one diabetes

Answer 39

Caused by an autoimmune response where the body destroys the cells in the pancreas that make insulin

Question 40

What is the cause of type 2 diabetes

Answer 40

Obesity can cause insulin resistance sedentary lifestyle genes High fat diet

Question 41

What are symptoms of diabetes

Answer 41

Thirsty Urinating more than Usual Very tired Lose weight without trying Blurred vision Cuts and grazes don’t heal

Question 42

What are the causes and symptoms of hypoglycemia

Answer 42

If somone has diabetes but I sent properly treated and has to much sugar In their blood Symptoms Feeling hungry dizzy weak tired sweating shaking tingling lips heart palpitations

Question 43

What are the causes and symptoms of hyperglycaemia

Answer 43

To little sugar in the blood stream Symptoms Extremely thirsty Peeing a lot Blurred vision

Question 44

How can type 1 diabetes be treated

Answer 44

Take insulin shots daily or pump so insulin can manage blood sugar

Question 45

How can type 2 diabetes be treated and prevented

Answer 45

Treated Diet control reduced calorie eating plan exercise plan Prevented Active balanced lifestyle Balanced diet

Question 46

What are macronutrients

Answer 46

Are the nutrients we need in larger quantities such as carbohydrates proteins fats macronutrients provide our body with energy to function and repair

Question 47

Micronutrients

Answer 47

The nutrients that are equally important but are consumed in smaller amounts eg vitamins and minerals

Question 48

What factors can effect how many calories that you need on a daily basis

Answer 48

Gender age hight weight activity level season job illness

Question 49

Why might some people need to control their calorie intake

Answer 49

To many calories can increase risk or cause type two diabetes Or heart diseases such as CHD

Question 50

Why is BMI important for medical professionals

Answer 50

It is a good guide to see if someone is healthy and at good weight and is easy to use

Question 51

What is the equation for BMI

Answer 51

Weight ————— = BMI Hight2.

Question 52

What are some issues of using BMI

Answer 52

Doesn’t consider muscle or bone density so someone may be considered obese when it is just the weight of their bone Sport’s athletes could be consider over or underweight onBMI but be healthier than the average person

Question 53

What are exclusion diet why are they important

Answer 53

Eating diet that eliminates food that causes allergic reactions of discomfort eg nuts lactose gluten