Digestion and Nutrition

Question 1

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

Answer 1

To break down food and absorb nutrients

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a component of the alimentary canal? Mouth
Esophagus
Liver
Small intestine

Answer 2

Liver

Question 3

Where does most nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?

Answer 3

Small intestine

Question 4

What process moves food through the alimentary canal?

Answer 4

Peristalsis

Question 5

Which of the following is the function of bile in digestion?
Breaking down proteins
Emulsifying fats
Absorbing nutrients
Producing vitamins

Answer 5

Emulsifying fats

Question 6

Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates in the mouth?

Answer 6

Amylase

Question 7

What role do villi play in digestion?

Answer 7

Increase surface area for nutrient absorption

Question 8

How does the pancreas aid in digestion?

Answer 8

Produces enzymes to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Question 9

Which organ stores bile before releasing it into the small intestine?

Answer 9

Gallbladder

Question 10

Which of the following nutrients is NOT digested in the stomach?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats
Nucleic acids

Answer 10

Carbohydrates

Question 11

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Answer 11

Absorb water and electrolytes

Question 12

Which part of the alimentary canal is responsible for mechanical digestion through chewing?

Answer 12

Mouth

Question 13

How does temperature affect enzyme activity in digestion?

Answer 13

Denatures enzymes at very high temperatures

Question 14

What is the role of the pyloric sphincter in digestion?

Answer 14

Regulates passage of chyme from stomach to small intestine

Question 15

The enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach is called ___________

Answer 15

Pepsin

Question 16

Nutrient absorption occurs mainly in the _____________

Answer 16

small intestines

Question 17

The finger-like structures in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption are called _____________

Answer 17

villi

Question 18

The pancreas secretes enzymes that help break down ______________, __________, and __________

Answer 18

carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

Question 19

The process of moving food through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive system via muscular contractions is known as ______________

Answer 19

peristalsis

Question 20

Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the majority of chemical digestion?

Answer 20

Small intestine

Question 21

What is the primary function of enzymes in the digestive process?

Answer 21

To speed up the breakdown of food molecules

Question 22

Which nutrient is primarily broken down by bile before absorption?

Answer 22

Fats

Question 23

The role of an enzyme in a chemical reaction is to

Answer 23

speed up the reaction

Question 24

In the cell, enzymes act as

Answer 24

catalysts

Question 25

Compounds that are needed for enzymes to function properly are

Answer 25

vitamins

Question 26

The area of an enzyme into which a substrate fits is called the

Answer 26

active site

Question 27

Digestion is defined as the process whereby

Answer 27

food is chemically and physically broken down

Question 28

Which of the following describes peristalsis?

Answer 28

muscle contractions of the digestive tract

Question 29

Chewing food aids digestion by

Answer 29

increasing the surface area of the food

Question 30

The part of the digestive tract where starch first undergoes chemical digestion is the

Answer 30

mouth

Question 31

Saliva contains an enzyme that partially digests

Answer 31

starch

Question 32

The role of Sodium bicarbonate ( NaHCO3 ) in pancreatic juice

Answer 32

neutralizes acid chyme

Question 33

Which of the following is not a function of pancreatic juice? A. Raising pH B. Emulsifying C. Starch digestion D. Protein digestion

Answer 33

Emulsifying

Question 34

If sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ) is not released as part of the pancreatic juice, the pH of the A. stomach will remain basic B. pancreas will become acidic C. large intestine will become basic D. small intestine will remain acidic

Answer 34

small intestine will remain acidic

Question 35

The function of the pyloric sphincter is to prevent the backflow of material from the ________________

Answer 35

duodenum to the stomach

Question 36

A function of the small intestine is to

Answer 36

absorb nutrients

Question 37

Which of the following is an example of physical/mechanical digestion? A. Hydrolysis B. Release of gastrin C. Churning in the stomach D. Action of lipase in the small intestine

Answer 37

Churning in the stomach

Question 38

Structures of the small intestine that aid in the absorption of nutrients include _________

Answer 38

villi

Question 39

The gall bladder functions to _________

Answer 39

store bile

Question 40

The absorption of water from the digestive tract occurs mainly in the _______________

Answer 40

colon

Question 41

The main source of energy for the body’s metabolic processes comes from the breakdown of ________________

Answer 41

carbohydrates

Question 42

Absorption of most nutrients from the digestive tract occurs in the

Answer 42

small intestine

Question 43

An example of absorption is the A. movement of food by peristalsis B. active transport of glucose into a villus C. hydrolysis of a peptide into amino acids D. release of secretin in the presence of HCl

Answer 43

active transport of glucose into a villus

Question 44

The space at the back of the mouth

Answer 44

Pharynx

Question 45

produced by the salivary glands to break down starches into sugar

Answer 45

amylase

Question 46

folds within the stomach that increase the surface area to help break down food

Answer 46

rugae

Question 47

the results from build-up of bile pigments due to a damaged or non-functioning liver

Answer 47

jaundice

Question 48

this regulates the passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach

Answer 48

cardiac sphincter

Question 49

regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum (small intestine)

Answer 49

pyloric sphincter

Question 50

the order of the portions of the small intestine

Answer 50

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 51

a pouch-like area between the ileum and the colon

Answer 51

cecum

Question 52

the end of the large intestine that stores feces

Answer 52

rectum

Question 53

the order of the portions of the large intestine

Answer 53

ascending, transverse, descending