Digestion- Biochem Exam 1

Question 1

Food + Saliva

Answer 1

Bolus

Question 2

Bolus is moved through GI by

Answer 2

Peristalsis

Question 3

Peristalsis is stimulated by

Answer 3

Distention
Law of the Gut
Irritation
Parasympathetic Nerves

Question 4

Peristalsis is inhibited by

Answer 4

Sympathetic Nerves

Question 5

Chewing ___ surface area

Answer 5

increases

Question 6

Digestion in the Mouth

Answer 6

Carbs & Lipids

Question 7

Top and bottom parts of esophagus

Answer 7

top: esophageal sphincter
bottom: gastroesophageal sphincter

Question 8

Part of esophagus that causes reflux

Answer 8

gastroesophageal sphincter

Question 9

Stages of swallowing in esophagus

Answer 9

1 Pharyngeal Phase

2 Esophageal Phase

Question 10

Pharyngeal Phase

Answer 10

Folds pulled medially to form a slit, preventing large food from entering

Question 11

Esophageal Phase

Answer 11

Moving food through for peristalsis

Question 12

Parts of the stomach

Answer 12

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Antrum

Question 13

Cardia

Answer 13

Walmart greeter

Question 14

Fundus

Answer 14

gas collector

Question 15

Body

Answer 15

gastric juices

Question 16

Antrum

Answer 16

Peristalsis

Question 17

Stomach is connected to SI by

Answer 17

Pyloric Sphincter

Question 18

Stomach Cells

Answer 18

Neck
Chief
Parietal
Enteroendocrine

Question 19

Neck Cells

Answer 19

mucus and bicarbonate

Question 20

Chief Cells

Answer 20

Enzymes

Question 21

Parietal Cells

Answer 21

HCl and intrinsic factor
Required for B12 and digest/kill off protein
*are stimulated by gastrin

Question 22

Enteroendocrine Cells

Answer 22

Hormones

Secrete G cells (gastric)

Question 23

Digestion in Stomach

Answer 23

Lipids

Proteins

Question 24

Gastric Juice + Bolus

Answer 24

Chyme

Question 25

Liver receives blood from

Answer 25

Portal Vein

Question 26

Storage in liver

Answer 26

Iron B12 Vitamin A Vitamin D

Question 27

Metabolic Function of Liver- Carbs

Answer 27

- gluconeogenesis - storage of glucose - turning sugars to glucose

Question 28

Metabolic Functions of Liver- Lipids

Answer 28

- Oxidation of fatty acids | - Synthesis of Triglyceride, Lipoproteins, cholesterol, bile, phospholipids

Question 29

Metabolic Function of Liver- Protein

Answer 29

- Plasma Proteins - Formation of urea - Amino acid inter conversion

Question 30

Detoxification in Liver

Answer 30

Phase I: cytochrome P450 | Phase 2

Question 31

Cells in pancreas

Answer 31

Endocrine cells | Exocrine cells

Question 32

Endocrine Cells

Answer 32

Insulin Glucagon (hormones)

Question 33

Exocrine Cells

Answer 33

Bicarbonate | Digestive enzymes

Question 34

Digestion in SI by Pancreatic Enzymes

Answer 34

Carbs Lipids Proteins

Question 35

Secretion of Gallbladder with CCK

Answer 35

Bile

Question 36

Function of bile in gallbladder

Answer 36

increase surface area of lipids

Question 37

Motilin increased motility in

Answer 37

Stomach SI LI

Question 38

When is Motilin secreted

Answer 38

fasted state

Question 39

Parts of Small Intestine

Answer 39

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 40

Duodenum

Answer 40

Most digestion occurs | Secretes bile

Question 41

Jejunum

Answer 41

Most absorption occurs

Question 42

Layers of Small Intestine

Answer 42

Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Externa Serosa

Question 43

Mucosa

Answer 43

Makes secretions -- Brush Border enzymes

Question 44

Brush Border enzymes digestion in SI

Answer 44

Carbs Proteins *In mucosa of SI

Question 45

Submucosa

Answer 45

controls secretions in submucosal plexus

Question 46

Muscularis Externa

Answer 46

Peristalsis occurs in Myenteric Plexus

Question 47

Serosa

Answer 47

Protection

Question 48

Enteric Nervous System

Answer 48

Inhibitory and Stimulatory Neurotransmitters

Question 49

Inhibitory Neurotransmitter

Answer 49

Norepinerphine

Question 50

Stimulatory Neurotransmitter

Answer 50

Acetylcholine -- causes contraction

Question 51

Water is absorbed in

Answer 51

Large Intestine

Question 52

Fermented products in LI

Answer 52

Gas | Short-chained fatty acids

Question 53

Decreases gastric motility

Answer 53

Secretin CCK GIP

Question 54

Gastrin stimulated by Parietal Cells of Stomach

Answer 54

Increases motility

Question 55

CCK in Pancreas and Gallbladder

Answer 55

stimulates bicarbonate secretion in exocrine cells of pancreas stimulates secretion of everything in gallbladder (*Only hormone to that causes gallbladder to secrete bile)

Question 56

GIP in Pancreas

Answer 56

Stimulates secretion of insulin in endocrine cells | regulates blood glucose

Question 57

Secretin in Pancreas

Answer 57

Stimulates bicarbonate secretions | opposes action of gastrin

Question 58

Hunger

Answer 58

Physiological need to eat

Question 59

Satiety

Answer 59

Feeling of fullness

Question 60

Appetite

Answer 60

Psychological want to eat