Digestion System

Question 1

What is digestion?

Answer 1

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods into forms that the body cells can absorb

Question 2

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 2

Organs that form a pathway that extends from the mouth to the anus

Question 3

What is churning?

Answer 3

Mixing of substances

Question 4

What is peristalsis?

Answer 4

Movement of substances through the esophagus to the stomach

Question 5

What is the mouth responsible for?

Answer 5

Responsible for initiating digestion using chewing and saliva

Question 6

What is mastication?

Answer 6

Means chewing

Question 7

What does the salivary glands do?

Answer 7

Make saliva

Question 8

Function of the teeth? How many teeth in the mouth?

Answer 8

Function is to decrease size of food particles.

32 teeth in mouth; 16 on lower and upper jaw

Question 9

Function of the pharynx

Answer 9

Throat; passageway between oral and esophagus

Question 10

Function of the esophagus

Answer 10

Is the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach by way of peristalsis

Question 11

Function of the stomach

Answer 11

receives food from esophagus; continues breaking down food using gastric juices

• located in upper left quadrant

Question 12

Function of small intestine

Answer 12

Main site of absorption of nutrients

Question 13

Which sections can be found in the small intestine

Answer 13

• duodenum
• jejunum
• ileum

Question 14

Function of the large intestine

Answer 14

Is also known as the colon

• responsible for absorption of nutrients

Question 15

What sections can be found in the large intestine?

Answer 15

• cecum that connects to the ileum
• ascending colon
• transverse colon
• descending colon
• sigmoid colon

Question 16

Function of the liver

Answer 16

Produces bile needed to breakdown fats

• located upper right quadrant

Question 17

Function of the gallbladder

Answer 17

Stores bile; connects to duodenum

Question 18

Function of the pancreas

Answer 18

Connects to duodenum; produces enzymes that aid in digestion

Question 19

Function of the appendix

Answer 19

Serves as reservoir for beneficial bacteria; helps the body to fight disease

Question 20

What are the needed nutrients for the body?

Answer 20

• carbohydrates
• proteins
• lipids (fat)
• vitamins
• minerals
• water

Question 21

What does the body do to carbohydrates?

Answer 21

Breaks carbohydrates down into glucose

Question 22

What does lipids do?

Answer 22

Function as energy; serve as structural components of cell membranes

Question 23

Function of proteins

Answer 23

Required for the structure, function, and regulation of body’s tissues and organs

Question 24

Function of vitamins

Answer 24

Needed for normal growth and development

Question 25

Function of minerals

Answer 25

Needed for keeping bones, muscles, etc to keep working properly - found in bones and teeth

Question 26

What are the fat soluble vitamins? (4 of them)

Answer 26

- Vitamin A - Vitamin D - Vitamin E - Vitamin K

Question 27

What are the water soluble vitamins?

Answer 27

- Vitamin C - Vitamin H - Vitamin B complex

Question 28

What is appendicitis?

Answer 28

inflammation and infection of the appendix

Question 29

Cholelithiasis

Answer 29

Gallstones

Question 30

Cirrhosis

Answer 30

Chronic liver disease leading to scarring of the tissue

Question 31

Gastritis

Answer 31

Inflammation of the stomach

Question 32

Colitis

Answer 32

Inflammation of the large intestine; viral or bacterial

Question 33

Crohn's disease

Answer 33

Inflammatory bowel disease; typically affects small intestine

Question 34

Hemorrhoids

Answer 34

Varicose veins of rectum or anus

Question 35

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Answer 35

Heartburn; occurs when stomach acid flows back into the tube connecting the mouth and stomach (esophagus)

Question 36

Diverticulitis

Answer 36

Inflammation of diverticula

Question 37

Diverticulosis

Answer 37

Diverticula without inflammation

Question 38

Hiatal Hernia

Answer 38

Portion of stomach protrudes into the chest

Question 39

Stomach ulcer

Answer 39

Painful sores in the stomach lining; caused by bacterial infections, smoking, medications

Question 40

Hepatitis

Answer 40

Inflammation of the liver

Question 41

What is rugae?

Answer 41

Gastric folds