Digestive

Question 1

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 1

B1-B3, B5-B7, B9, B12, C

Question 2

Fat Soluble vitamins

Answer 2

Vitamin A, D, E, K

Question 3

What do vitamins do in the digestive system?

Answer 3

help speed up chemical reactions in. ells by lowering activation energy of chem. reactions.

Question 4

Four lobes of the liver

Answer 4

right and left (anterior), caudate (posterior, top, middle), quadrate (posterior, bottom, square)

Question 5

liver sinusoids are found:

Answer 5

in purple throughout the hepatic lobule branching from the portal veins and hepatic arteries

Question 6

What are hepatocytes?

Answer 6

Cells throughout the hepatic lobule

Question 7

what are kupffer cells?

Answer 7

macrophage of the liver

Question 8

what does the liver turn aged blood cells into?

Answer 8

after 120 days, heme is broken down in rbcs to biliverdin (spleen) and then biliverdin spontaneously becomes bilirubin”unconjugated” and goes to liver via albumin; in liver the uncog. bili is made into glucuronic acid (and congugated) and sent to intestines

Question 9

hepatocytes make…

Answer 9

bile

Question 10

bile travels in… to join together in…

Answer 10

bile canaliculi; bile ducts

Question 11

hepatic triad

Answer 11

hepatic vein, artery, and bile ducts

Question 12

Flow of bile from bile canaliculi to the galbladder

Answer 12

canaliculi, ducts (right lobe), right hepatic duct, common hepatic duct (l and r and goes to intestine), or cystic duct branch leads to galbladder

Question 13

panreas cells of the islets

Answer 13

alpha cells: glucagon
beta cells: insulin
delta cells: somatostatin
PP cells: pancreatic
epsilon cells: ghrelin

Question 14

islets secrete hormones, exocrine cells secrete… into the pancreatic ducts

Answer 14

pancreatic juices

Question 15

stimulus of gastric phase of digestion

Answer 15

food stretches stomach

Question 16

stimulus of cephalic phase

Answer 16

sight, smell, thought, taste of food stimulates brain

Question 17

cephalic phase response…

Answer 17

salivation and stomach acid secretion (prepping body for food)

Question 18

chemical digestion in deudenum

Answer 18

release of sodium bicarbonate

Question 19

chemical digestion in the jejunum

Answer 19

digestive enzymes of the brush border (brushy area of small intestine with all the enzymes)

Question 20

gastrin acts on and does…

Answer 20

stomach and promotes gastric juice secretion

Question 21

secretin acts on…

Answer 21

pancreas and puts more bicarb in pan juice

Question 22

histamine

Answer 22

parietal cells of the stomach, increases acid secretion

Question 23

motilin does..

Answer 23

acts on many digestive organs; increases migrating myoelectric complexes, increase pepsin, increase bowel motility

Question 24

CCK job

Answer 24

eject bile and open the hepatopancreatic sphincter

Question 25

histamine is made by...

Answer 25

mast cells in lamina propria

Question 26

laxatives like senocot irritate nerves in the bowel wall and produce...

Answer 26

increased bowel movement

Question 27

laxatives like golytely increase concentration of non absorbed salts in the colon produing:

Answer 27

increased bowel movement

Question 28

what increases bowel movement?

Answer 28

chyme vol, chemical composition (stim. sensory nerves), osmolarity (non absorable chemicals cause water to be drawn into lumen)

Question 29

peristalis

Answer 29

involuntary movement of bolus from mouth to anus

Question 30

bolus vs chyme

Answer 30

chyme is in the stomach, bolus is in the mouth to the stomach,