digestive Flashcards by zak homer

what are the major symptoms for Dental Caries

Appear as holes or pits in the teeth

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what is the causative organism for Dental Caries

Streptococcus mutans

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what type of pathogen is Dental Caries

Bacteria (Gram +)

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what is the key associations for Dental Caries

Diets high in sucrose increase the risk of decay

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what are the major symptoms for Gingivitis

Gums that are swollen, tender, bright red, or bleeding

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what is the causative organism for Gingivitis

Porphyromonas gingivalis

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what is another name for Gingivitis

Peridontitis

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what type of pathogen is Gingivitis

Bacteria (Gram -)

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what is the causative organism for Peptic Ulcer

Helicobacter pylori

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what is the mode of transmission for Peptic Ulcer

Fecal-oral transmission

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what type of Peptic Ulcer do you have if it get relived by food

duodenal

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what type of Peptic Ulcer do you have if it gets exacerbated by food

gastric

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what is the major symptom for Cholera (bacterial

gastroenteritis)

Rice-water stool

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what is the causative organism for Cholera (bacterial

gastroenteritis)

Vibrio cholerae

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that is the mode of transmission for Cholera (bacterial

gastroenteritis)

Fecal-oral, through contaminated food and water

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what is the key association for Cholera (bacterial

gastroenteritis)

most common Vibrio to infect humans

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what are the major symptoms for Shigellosis (bacterial gastroenteritis)

purulent bloody stools

blood, pus or mucus in stool

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what is the causative organism for Shigellosis (bacterial gastroenteritis)

Shigella sonnei,

S. flexner

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what is the main way to get Shigellosis (bacterial gastroenteritis)

consuming contaminated foods

esp cold foods & salads

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what is another name for Shigellosis (bacterial gastroenteritis)

Bacillary dysentery or

Shiga toxin

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what are the major symtoms for Traveler’s Diarrhea

Watery diarrhea, cramps, nausea and vomiting (N/V)

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what is the causative organism for Traveler’s Diarrhea

Escherichia coli

O157:H7

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what is the key association for Traveler’s Diarrhea

E. coli most commonly causes GI infection

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what are the major symptoms for Campylobacter Diarrhea

Bloody and frequent diarrhea

10+/day x 7-10 days

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what is the mode of transmission for Campylobacter Diarrhea

Poultry is the most common

what is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the US

Campylobacter Diarrhea

what are the major symptoms for Pseudomembranous colitis

Diarrhea, inflammation of colon with formation of pseudo-membranes

what is the mode of transmission for Pseudomembranous | colitis

Extremely common opportunist after taking antimicrobials; common nosocomial infection

what is the key association for Pseudomembranous | colitis

Life threatening peritonitis due to massive internal | infection by fecal bacteria

what is another name for Salmonellosis Salmonella food poisoning

Salmonella food poisoning or | Salmonella poisoning

what is the mode of transmission for Salmonellosis

eggs, poultry, inadequately pasteurized milk

what are the major symptoms for Salmonellosis: Typhoid Fever

bacteremia; can lead to peritonitis

what are the major symptoms for Clostridial Food Poisoning

Abdominal cramps and watery diarrhea, NO fever, or N/V

how long does Clostridial Food Poisoning last

Fairly benign, < 24 hours

what are the major symptoms for Yersinia | Food Poisoning

Inflammation of the intestinal tract: diarrhea, fever (weeks or months), sometimes mimics appendicitis

what is the mode of transmission for Yersinia | Food Poisoning

Consumption of contaminated pork, milk, water, and tofu

what is another name for Bacillus cereus food poisoning

Fried Rice Syndrome

what is the mode of transmission for Bacillus cereus food poisoning

Consumption of rice dishes cooked and held | at warm temp for hours

what are the major symptoms for Oral Herpes

cold sores

what is the key association for Oral Herpes

Latent virus usually in trigeminal ganglia

what are the major symptoms for Mumps

Painful enlargement of the parotid salivary glands (parotitis); testicular swelling in boys (orchitis)

what is the causative organism that will cause 90% of viralgastroenteriti

Norovirus

what is the Most common cause of infantile | gastroenteritis

Rotavirus

what is the major symptom for Hepatitis A

Jaundice

what is another name for Hepatitis A

Infectious Hepatitis

what is the key association for Hepatitis A

resistant to common household disinfectants

what are the major symptoms for Hepatitis B

Most asymptomatic or have mild symptoms; Jaundice | associated with liver cancer

what is the key association for Hepatitis B

Coinfection with Hepatitis D virus increases risk of | permanent liver damage

what are the major symptoms for Hepatitis C

Chronic infection with few if any symptoms

what is the key association for Hepatitis C

Accounts for most non- A, non-B hepatitis in the US

what are the major symptoms for Hepatitis D

Jaundice, plays a role in triggering liver cancer

what is the key association for Hepatitis D

Needs HBV co- infection, so called a satellite virus

what are the major symptoms for Hepatitis E

Fatal in 20% of pregnant women

what is another name for Hepatitis E

Enteric hepatitis

what are the major symptoms for Giardiasis

Severe watery diarrhea, | "rotten egg” smelling stools

what is the mode of transmission for Giardiasis

Ingesting cysts in contaminated water or when swimming

what is another name for Giardiasis

Beaver Fever

what are the major symptoms for Cryptosporidiosis

Severe diarrhea, headache, muscular pain, ramping, severe fluid and weight loss

what is the mode of transmission for Cryptosporidiosis

Drinking contaminated water; Fecal-oral transmission

what is another name for Cryptosporidiosis

Cryptosporidium enteritis

what are the major symptoms for Cyclosporiasis

myalgia, and fever; AIDS patients more severe

what is the mode of transmission for Cyclosporiasis

Outbreaks have been linked to raspberries

what is the causative organism for Balantidiasis

Balantidium coli

what are the major symptoms for Balantidiasis

Healthy adults: asymptomatic; | Poor health: persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss

what are the major symptoms for a Tapeworm Infestations that is in beef

Most are asymptomatic; | Nausea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and diarrhea may occur

what is the causative organism for a beef Tapeworm Infestations

Taenia saginata

what is a beef Tapeworm Infestations called

proglottids = tapeworm segments

what is a pork tapeworm called

Pork tapeworm proglottids = tapeworm segments

what is the causative organism for a pork Tapeworm Infestations

Taenia solium

what are the major symptoms for a Tapeworm Infestations in fish

80% of cases are asymptomatic; | Diarrhea, abd pain, vomiting, weight loss, fatigue, constipation; possible megaloblastic anemia

what is another name for a fish Tapeworm Infestations

diphyllobothriasis

what are the major symptoms caused but a Tapeworm Infestations from dog feces

``` Hydatid cysts(calcifications) can form in any organ but occur primarily in the liver ```

what is another name for a Tapeworm Infestations that is caused by dog feces

Canine tapeworm

what is the most common nematode infection of humans WORLDWIDE

Ascariasis

what is the 2nd most common nematode affecting humans WORLDWIDE

Hookworm Infections

what is the most common parasitic worm in the US

Pinworm Infestations

what are the major symptoms for Hookworm Infections

Ground itch at site of larvae penetration; Causes chronic anemia, iron and protein deficiencies

what is the mode of transmission for Hookworm infections

Larvae penetrate the skin, usually of the foot

what are the major symptoms for Ascariasis

Most asymptomatic; Pulmonary: dry cough, difficulty breathing, bloody sputum intestinal obstruction;

what are the major symptoms for Pinworm Infestations

Intense perianal itching (esp at night) | ,

what is the mode of transmission for Pinworm Infestations

Females deposit eggs in the perianal region at night; easily spread on bedding, from person- person after scratching

what is the major symptoms for Dracunculiasis

After about a year of infection, the worm forms a blister on the skin, generally on the foot, which breaks open

what is another name for Dracunculiasis

Guinea worm disease

how do you get rid of Dracunculiasis

winding the worm out on a stick

what are the major symptoms for Trichinosis

Mild cases asymptomatic | muscle pain and weakness

what is another name for Trichinosis

Trichinellosis; NOT common in US

what are the major symptoms for Intestinal fluke infection

Most asymptomatic allergic responses, intestinal obstruction

what is another name for Intestinal fluke infection

fasciolopsiasis

what are the major symptoms for Liver Fluke Infection

Tissue death, abdominal pain, fever, N/V, diarrhea

what is another name for Liver Fluke Infection

fascioliasis

digestive Flashcards

(90 cards)