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Med surg 2 > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the coordinated, rhythmic, contraction of smooth muscle that forces food through the digestive tract

A

peristalsis

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1
Q

What does the digestive tract include?

A

mouth pharynx esophagus small intestine large intestine & anus

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2
Q

What are the accessory organs

A

teeth,tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

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3
Q

What are 3 functions of the tongue

A

chewing, swallowing, and formation of speech

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4
Q

What are the 3 different types of teeth

A

incisors- bitting and cutting
canines- tearing and shredding
molars- mastication (crush and grind)

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5
Q

What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands

A

parotid, submandibular and sublingual

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6
Q

What is the function of the salivary glands

A

secrete saliva

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7
Q

What is amylase responsible for

A

initiates carbohydrate metabolism

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8
Q

What is the esophagus

A

collapsible tube moving bolus through esophagus to stomach in 5-6 sec

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9
Q

What are the parts of the stomach

A

entrance- cardiac sphincter

exit- pyloric sphincter

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10
Q

What is the enzyme that helps to convert protein

A

pepsin

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11
Q

What aids with the absorption of B12

A

intrinsic factor

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12
Q

What are the sections of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

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13
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine

A

completion of absorption of water, manufacture of certain vitamins, formation of feces, expulsion of feces

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14
Q

what is the function of the appendix

A

none has been discovered

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15
Q

what is responsible for the production of bile

A

cells of the liver

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16
Q

what is the function of bile

A

emulsification of bile

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17
Q

what is the function of the gallbladder

A

bile is stored until needed for fat digestion

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18
Q

what are the functions of the liver

A

managing blood coagulation, manufacturing cholesterol and albumin to maintain normal blood volume, filter out old RBCs and bacteria, detoxifying poisons, converting ammonia to urea, main source of body heat, storing glycogen, and activating vit D

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19
Q

what gland has both endocrine and exocrine duties

A

pancreas

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20
Q

what are the 3 digestive enzymes in the pancreatic juice

A

protease, lipase, amylase

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21
Q

what portion of the brain has an affect on our eating habits

A

hypothalamus

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22
Q

detects any abnormal conditions of UGI tract, any tumors or other ulcerative lesions

A

UGI study

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23
Q

absence of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice

A

achlorhydria

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24
what area is assessed during and EGD
esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
25
what medicine is usually given to help patients expel barium after procedures
milk of mag
26
blood that is hidden from view
occult blood
27
endoscopy of lower GI tract allowing visualization & access to obtain biopsy of specimens of tumors, polyps, or ulcerations of anus, & sigmoid colon
sigmoidoscopy
28
examination of entire colon to detect lesions
colonoscopy
29
erosive process on teeth from action of bacteria on carbohydrates in mouth which produce acids that dissolve enamel
dental caries
30
infection caused by candida- fungal infection in mucous membranes of mouth, intestinal tract & vagina (THRUSH)
candidiasis
31
drug of choice for candidiasis
nystatin
32
roughened area w/ tongue, difficulty swallowing, chewing, & speaking, edema, numbness or loss of feeling in part of mouth, earache, facial pain, & toothache
S/S of carcinoma of oral cavity
33
white, firmly attached patch on mouth or tongue mucosa
leukoplakia
34
what are causes of cancer of esophagus
environmental carcinogens, nutritional deficiencies, chronic irritation & mucosal damage
35
(cardiospasm) inability of a muscle to relax, particularly cardiac sphincter
achalsia
36
what are S/S of achalasia
dysphasia, sensation of food sticking in lower portion of esophagus
37
surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from on to the other
anastomosis
38
what is the primary symptom of achalasia
dysphasia
39
what is gastritis
inflammation of the lining of the stomach
40
what are S/S of gastritis
fever, epigastric pain, N/V, headache, coating of tongue, & loss of appetite
41
ulcerations of mucous membrane or deeper structures of GI tract
what are peptic ulcers
42
what major bacteria causes ulcers
H. pylori
43
what meds can also cause ulcers
NSAIDS, ASA, corticosteroids
44
what is dyspepsia
nausea, eructation & distention
45
what is hematemesis
vomiting blood
46
what is melena
tarlike, fetid-smelling stool containing undigested blood
47
what is dumping syndrome
rapid gastric emptying
48
what causes pernicious anemia, why is it a problem after gastric surgery
deficiency of intrinsic factor; B12 cant be absorbed in intestines
49
disorder w/ episodes of altered bowel function & intermittent & recurrent abdominal pain
IBS
50
pain @ onset of bowel movements, chronic low abdominal pain, feelings of incomplete emptying after defecation
S/S of IBS
51
ulcerative colitis & Crohn's, episodic, inflammatory bowel disease
chronic inflammatory disease
52
who is affected by chronic inflammatory disease
young adults just beginning education, careers, & families
53
confined to mucosa & submucosa of colon; disease of colon & rectum; aggrevated by stress
ulcerative colitis
54
c/o rectal bleeding & abdominal cramping, lethargy, sense of frustration & loss of control
S/S of ulcerative colitis
55
partial of complete separation of wound edges
dehiscence
56
protrusion of viscera through disrupted wound
evisceration
57
what is the major S/S of intestinal infection
hemorrhagic colitis (bloody diarrhea & severe cramping)
58
causes of intestinal infections
person-person contact contaminated food or water fecal-oral transmission
59
inflammation of segments of GI tract; can occur from mouth to anus, tiny ulcers form on various parts of intestinal wall
Crohn's disease
60
Weakness, loss of appetite, abdominal pain & cramps, intermittent low grade fever, sleeplessness caused by diarrhea & stress, RLQ abdominal pain is characteristic
S/S of Crohn's
61
Meds used for Crohn's
sulfasalazine and mesalamine
62
inflammation of veriform of appendix, if undiagnosed leads rapidly to perforation and peritonitis
appendicitis
63
S/S of appendicitis
constant pain in RLQ, may be accompanied by nausea & anorexia
64
what diagnostic testing is done for appedicitis
WBC w/ differential
65
presence of pouchlike herniations through the circular smooth muscle of the colon, particularly sigmoid colon / or inflammation of one or more of diverticular sacs
diverticular disease
66
what is the cause of diverticular disease
deficiency in fiber & increase in refined carbs combined w/ loss of muscle mass & collagen w/ aging process
67
inflammation of abdominal peritoneum; occurs after fecal matter seeps from rupture site, causing bacterial contamination of peritoneal cavity
peritonitis
68
protrusion of a viscus through abnormal opening or weakened area in wall of cavity in which it is normally contained
hernia
69
what is the difference b/w incarcerated and strangulated
incarcerated- unable to be returned to its body cavity | strangulated- occludes blood supply & intestinal flow
70
protrusion of stomach & other abdominal viscera through an opening or hiatus in the diaphragm
hiatal hernia
71
what is a volvulus
twisting of bowel onto itself
72
changes in bowel habits (diarrhea/constipation) excessive flatus &cramp, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, nausea, cachexia
S/S of cancer of the colon
73
dilated veins that may occur outside/inside the anal sphincter as external/internal hemorrhoids
hemorrhoid
74
cavity full of liquid containing living & dead leukocytes & bacteria (puslike)
liver abscess
75
chills c/o of dull abdominal pain, tenderness & discomfort
s/s of liver abscess
76
what is cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
77
indigestion after eating foods high in fat, anorexia, N/V & flatulence; may experience > in heart rate & resp rate & become diaphoretic thinking they are having a heart attack
s/s of cholecystitis
78
inflammation of the pancreas, enzymes cannot flow out of pancreas bc of occlusion of pancreatic duct by edema, stones or scar tissue
pancreatitis
79
pain in LUQ, sometimes relieved by leaning forward, taking stomach weight off pancreas, jaundice may be noted if common bile duct is obstructed
s/s of pancreatitis
80
what is an anal fistula & fissure
fistula- abnormal opening on the cutaneous surface near anus | fissure- linear ulcerating or laceration of skin & anus
81
lobes are covered w/ fibrous tissue, the parenchyma degenerates & lobes are infiltrated w/ fat
cirrhosis
82
small dilated blood vessels w/ a bright red center point & spiderlike branches
spider telangiectasis
83
what is jaundice caused from
greater than normal amounts of bilirubin in serum
84
complex of longitudinal, tortuous veins at the lower end of the esophagus
esophageal varices
85
type of brain damage caused by liver disease & consequent ammonia intoxication
hepatic encephalopathy
86
inflammation of liver resulting from several types of viral agents or exposure to toxic substances
hepatitis
87
general malaise, aching muscles, photophobia, lassitude, headaches & chills, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, nausea, diarrhea & constipation
s/s of hepatitis
88
abdominal pain in 85% of patients- DM develops if islet cells are involved, anorexia, fatigue, nausea, flatulence, change in stools, steady, dull & aching pain in epigastrium or referred to back
s/s of cancer of pancreas

Med surg 2 (2 decks)

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