Digestive and Urinary System

Question 1

tube extending from the mouth to the anus; also known as the alimentary tract

Answer 1

digestive tract

Question 2

movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other

Answer 2

propulsion

Question 3

total time it takes food to travel the length of the digestive tract

Answer 3

24-36 hrs

Question 4

the innermost tunic of the digestive tube

Answer 4

mucosa

Question 5

the two specialized cells in the mucosa

Answer 5

mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors

Question 6

muscular layer of the digestive tube

Answer 6

muscularis

Question 7

extensive network of submucosal and myenteric plexus with the walls of the digestive tract

Answer 7

enteric nervous system

Question 8

type of enteric neuron that stimulates/inhibits smooth muscle contraction and glandular secretion

Answer 8

enteric motor neuron

Question 9

mesentery that attaches the liver to the diaphragm

Answer 9

coronary ligament

Question 10

mesentery that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 10

falciform ligament

Question 11

a semifluid material that is a combination of stomach secretions and food

Answer 11

chyme

Question 12

three parts of the small intestine

Answer 12

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 13

lymphatic nodules that are numerous in the mucosa and submucosa of the ileum

Answer 13

Peyer’s patches

Question 14

considered as the largest internal organ

Answer 14

liver

Question 15

a sac-like structure for bile storage

Answer 15

gallbladder

Question 16

the endocrine part of the pancreas consists of ___

Answer 16

pancreatic islets

Question 17

contractions that move material in the distal part of the large intestine to the anus

Answer 17

mass movements

Question 18

reflexes initiated by distention in the stomach

Answer 18

gastrocolic reflexes

Question 19

reflexes initiated by distention in the duodenum

Answer 19

duodenocolic reflexes

Question 20

lipid droplets surrounded by bile salts

Answer 20

micelles

Question 21

an outer layer of connective tissue surrounding each kidney

Answer 21

renal capsule

Question 22

a thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds the adipose tissue and helps anchor the kidneys to the abdominal wall

Answer 22

renal fascia

Question 23

a small area on the concave, medial side of the kidney

Answer 23

hilum

Question 24

two major regions of the kidneys

Answer 24

cortex and medulla

Question 25

extensions of cortical tissue toward the medulla

Answer 25

renal columns

Question 26

a small, funner-shaped chamber surrounding the top of the papilla

Answer 26

minor calyx

Question 27

urine moves from the renal pelvis into the _____ for transport to the bladder

Answer 27

ureter

Question 28

histological and structural unit of the kidney

Answer 28

nephron

Question 29

a network of capillaries twisted around each other like a ball of yarn

Answer 29

glomerulus

Question 30

an indented, double-walled chamber surrounding the glomerulus

Answer 30

bowman capsule

Question 31

the parietal layer of the bowman capsule is constructed by ____ cells

Answer 31

simple squamous epithelial

Question 32

the visceral layer is constructed of specialized cells called ______

Answer 32

podocytes

Question 33

first section of the renal tubule

Answer 33

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 34

_____ arise from the glomerular capillaries and carry blood away from the glomeruli

Answer 34

efferent arterioles

Question 35

associated with the juxtamedullary nephrons are specialized sets of peritubular capillaries called the ____

Answer 35

vasa recta

Question 36

the maintenance of the glomerular filtration rate is due to this process

Answer 36

autoregulation

Question 37

movement of non-filtered substances from the blood into the filtrate

Answer 37

tubular secretion

Question 38

the triangular area of the bladder’s posterior wall between the two ureters and urethra on the bladder’s anterior wall

Answer 38

trigone

Question 39

______ lines both the ureters and urinary bladder

Answer 39

transitional epithelium

Question 40

40. another word for urination

Answer 40

micturition