Digestive, Circulatory, & Endocrine Test

Question 1

Digestive System?

Answer 1

the part of the body that breaks down food you eat into smaller molecules that your body uses as ENERGY

Question 2

What is the order of the Digestive System in order?

Answer 2

Mouth/Salivary Glands
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine(including the Pancreas, Liver, and Gall Bladder)
Large Intestine
Rectum/Anus

Question 3

What are the two types of digestion?

Answer 3

Mechanical

Chemical

Question 4

Mechanical Digestion?

Answer 4

the process of breaking down food into smaller pieces

Ex.) Chewing food and contractions of stomach and small intestines break food down

Question 5

Chemical Digestion? What are the parts of the body involved in this process?

Answer 5

the process of breaking down food into smaller pieces with the use of ENZYMES
Your mouth, stomach, pancreas, liver and small intestine

Question 6

Pepsin?

Answer 6

enzyme in your stomach that breaks down proteins into amino acids

Question 7

Peristalsis?

Answer 7

The involuntary contractions(your brain controls) of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestines help with the digestion and movement of food through the digestive system

Question 8

What are the functions of the mouth? Is there any type of digestion?

Answer 8

FIRST area of digestion
the tongue positions the food you eat between your teeth
Mechanical digestion when you chew
Chemical digestion with the help of saliva (enzyme)

Question 9

What does the epiglottis do?

Answer 9

a flap of cartilage closes over the opening to the respiratory tract, preventing food from entering when swallowing

Question 10

What are the functions of the esophagus? Is there any type of digestion?

Answer 10

a muscular tube that connects your mouth to the stomach
this tube moves food from the mouth down into the stomach by a process called PERISTALSIS
NO DIGESTION

Question 11

What are the functions of the stomach? Is there any type of digestion?

Answer 11

A muscular, pouch-like enlargement of the digestive tract
BOTH mechanical and chemical digestion occur
Mechanical occurs when the muscles of the stomach contracts
Chemical occurs when glands inside the stomach secretes gastric juices, PEPSIN and HYDROCHLORIC ACID
When the food has been broken down into liquid form, peristalsis moves the food down into the small intestine.

Question 12

What are the functions of the small intestine? Is there any type of digestion?

Answer 12

Where digestive is completed
Enzymes from the PANCREAS and LIVER are secreted into the small intestine and help with chemical digestion.
Chemical digestion occurs here

Question 13

What are the functions of villi? Is there any type of digestion?

Answer 13

liquid food in your body is broken down into small molecules and is absorbed by the villi of the small intestine.
Nutrients will then diffuse into the blood vessels of the small intestine and enter the bloodstream.

Question 14

What are the functions of the large intestine? Is there any type of digestion?

Answer 14

water absorption occurs here

NO DIGESTION OCCURS

Question 15

What are the functions of the rectum/anus? Is there any type of digestion?

Answer 15

The remaining undigested material now called feces, reaches the RECTUM
The feces are eliminated through the ANUS
NO DIGESTION OCCURS

Question 16

What are the functions of the Liver/bile/gall bladder? Is there any type of digestion?

Answer 16

Enzymes from the liver are secreted into the small intestine and help with chemical digestion. The Gall Bladder stores BILE (ENZYME) from the liver.
CHEMICAL DIGESTION

Question 17

What are the functions of the Pancreas? Is there any type of digestion?

Answer 17

Enzymes from the pancreas are secreted into the small intestine and help with chemical digestion.
CHEMICAL DIGESTION

Question 18

What are the 4 parts of blood?

Answer 18

plasma, red/white blood cells, platelets

Question 19

What is the function of Plasma?

Answer 19

Carries dissolved food molecules, enzymes, hormones, gases, and salts to the cells in your body. It also carries wastes from the cells to the parts of the body that will remove wastes.

Question 20

What is the function of Red Blood Cells?

Answer 20

Carry oxygen to all the cells in your body and remove carbon dioxide from all the cells

Question 21

Hemoglobin?

Answer 21

protein that combines with oxygen, turns blood red

Question 22

What is the function of White Blood Cells?

Answer 22

Fights off diseases

Question 23

Antibodies?

Answer 23

special chemicals that fight off diseases in your body (Memory cells)

Question 24

What is the function of Platelets?

Answer 24

Help your blood clot

Question 25

Fibrin?

Answer 25

a special protein that makes a special net, and the net traps cells and makes the blood clot

Question 26

What are the 3 blood vessels?

Answer 26

Arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 27

What is the function of the arteries?

Answer 27

lead oxygenated blood away from the heart to the cells of the body

Question 28

What is the function of Veins?

Answer 28

carry the deoxygenated blood back toward the heart

Question 29

What is the function of Capillaries?

Answer 29

They connect the arteries with the veins and let food, water, and oxygen molecules move into them from the cells (Diffusion)

Question 30

What are the 4 parts of the heart?

Answer 30

Right atrium, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle

Question 31

What is the function of the Right Atrium?

Answer 31

Pumps deoxygenated blood, which is high in carbon dioxide to the right ventricle

Question 32

What is the function of the Left Atrium?

Answer 32

Pumps oxygenated blood, which is high in oxygen to the left ventricle

Question 33

What is the function of the Right Ventricle?

Answer 33

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where gas exchange occurs

Question 34

What is the function of the Left Ventricle?

Answer 34

Pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body through the arteries

Question 35

What side of the body is oxygenated? Which side is deoxygenated?

Answer 35

Left side is oxygenated | Right side is deoxygenated

Question 36

Aorta?

Answer 36

largest artery found in the body

Question 37

How are the Pulmonary Arteries different from the rest of the arteries of the body?

Answer 37

They are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 38

What is the function of the Pulmonary arteries?

Answer 38

carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 39

How are the Pulmonary Veins different from the rest of the veins in the body?

Answer 39

They are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Question 40

What is the function of the Pulmonary Veins?

Answer 40

carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Question 41

How many valves are there?

Answer 41

4 valves for each chamber

Question 42

What is the function of valves?

Answer 42

they prevent blood from flowing backwards

Question 43

Endocrine system?

Answer 43

one of the two systems that control the internal activities of the body. They are made up of a series of glands, called endocrine glands

Question 44

What do Endocrine Glands do?

Answer 44

release chemicals directly into the bloodstream called hormones These chemicals act as messengers, sending information to other parts of the body. The body reacts to these messages and maintains homeostasis

Question 45

Hypothalamus? Location? Hormone secreted? Function?

Answer 45

Brain amino acid hormone It releases chemicals that triggers the pituitary gland to release its hormones Controls the pituitary gland, which controls ALL the other glands of the body.

Question 46

Pituitary "Master Gland"? Location? Hormone secreted? Function?

Answer 46

Brain Hormones: ACTH, Growth Hormone, TSH, Oxytoan Treatment of arthritis, asthma, and allergies Growth of bones Stimulates the thyroid Controls uterus contractions during birth This gland controls the adrenal gland, thyroid gland, ovaries, testes, and mammary glands Controls all other glands besides Hypothalamus

Question 47

Thyroid Gland? Location? Hormone secreted? Function?

Answer 47

Lower Region of neck Thyroxin This controls the rate of body's metabolism and influences growth and development

Question 48

Parathyroid Gland? Location? Hormone secreted? Function?

Answer 48

Lower Region of neck, below the thyroid Parathyroid Hormone This regulates metabolism of calcium and phosphates

Question 49

Adrenal Gland? Location? Hormone secreted? Function?

Answer 49

Attached to the kidneys Epinephrine, Norepinephrine or Adrenaline, Cortisol Regulates salt and water in the body. Assists the body during an emergency Metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Question 50

Pancreas? Location? Hormone secreted? Function?

Answer 50

Abdominal area (under stomach) Insulin, Glucagon Controls the digestion of glucose levels in the blood Determines the fate of glycogen(starch) that is stored in the liver

Question 51

Gonads? (Testes, Ovaries) Location? Hormone secreted? Function?

Answer 51

``` Lower Body (Genital area) Testosterone, Estrogen and Progesterone Stimulates the production of sex characteristics, puberty, and sperm production Stimulates the production of sex characteristics, puberty, menstrual cycle, and egg production ```

Question 52

Thymus? Location? Hormone secreted? Function?

Answer 52

Upper chest area Not known (Unknown name) Aides in the formation of antibodies

Question 53

Hormone?

Answer 53

released from a gland to balance out homeostasis

Question 54

An organism's external and internal environment are ?

Answer 54

constantly changing

Question 55

What do these changes affect?

Answer 55

homeostasis

Question 56

Dynamic Equilibrium?

Answer 56

When an organism constantly corrects and keep the external and internal environment at homeostasis and keeps the body at a "steady state"

Question 57

What is there more feedback of? Negative or Positive?

Answer 57

More negative than positive

Question 58

What feedback helps labor?

Answer 58

Positive

Question 59

What is the most common feedback and keeps body temperature in balance?

Answer 59

Negative feedback