Digestive Disorders

Question 1

What is Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Answer 1

Reflux of stomach acid (chyme) into the esophagus

Question 2

GERD can lead to?

Answer 2

Reflux esophagitis and Barrett esophagus

Question 3

Hiatal Hernia

Answer 3

Stomach protrusion through the diaphragm into the thorax

Question 4

What are the types of hiatal hernia?

Answer 4

Sliding and paraesophageal

Question 5

Common esophageal cancer?

Answer 5

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 6

Esophageal Cancer risk factors

Answer 6

Male, over 65, smoking, alcoholism, Barrett esophagus

Question 7

what part of the GI tract does Crohn’s Disease affect?

Answer 7

ANY PART

Question 8

Crohn’s Disease

Answer 8

skip lesions, strong genetic link, and granulomas are common

Question 9

What part of the GI tract does Ulcerative Colitis affect?

Answer 9

Only the colon

Question 10

Ulcerative Colitis

Answer 10

Continuous lesions, increased cancer risks, and ulcers are common

Question 11

What is DIVERTICULA?

Answer 11

Sac like out pouchings of the intestinal wall

Question 12

What is DIVERTICULOSIS?

Answer 12

presence of diverticula (BUT ASYMPTOMATIC)

Question 13

What is DIVERTICULITIS?

Answer 13

Inflammation of diverticula, may cause pain and complications

Question 14

What is Appendicitis?

Answer 14

Inflammation of the appendix

Question 15

Colorectal Cancer develops from what?

Answer 15

Neoplastic polyps (adenocarcinomas)

Question 16

Colorectal Cancer commonly metastasizes to where?

Answer 16

Commonly matastasizes to the liver and lungs

Question 17

What is Viral Hepatitis?

Answer 17

Infections that causes liver inflammation

Question 18

Liver Cancer is often linked to?

Answer 18

Cirrhosis and Chronic Hepatitis

Question 19

Cholelithiasis is a name for what?

Answer 19

Gallstones

Question 20

Cholecystitis is what?

Answer 20

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Question 21

Gallbladder cancer

Answer 21

rare but aggressive

Question 22

what is Pancreatitis?

Answer 22

inflammation of the pancreas

Question 23

Pancreatic Cancer

Answer 23

Highly lethal and often diagnosed late

Question 24

What is Diarrhea?

Answer 24

Increased frequency and/or fluid content of feces

Question 25

What are the three types of Diarrhea?

Answer 25

Osmotic, Secretory, Motility-related.

Question 26

Osmotic Diarrhea

Answer 26

Unabsorbed solutes draw water into the intestine

Question 27

Secretory Diarrhea

Answer 27

Excess secretion of electrolytes and water

Question 28

Motility-Related Diarrhea

Answer 28

Increased GI motility reduces absorption

Question 29

Common Complications of Diarrhea?

Answer 29

Dehydration, Hyponatremia, and Hypokalemia

Question 30

Malabsorption Syndromes are?

Answer 30

Failure of the intestine to absorb nutrients

Question 31

Three causes of malabsorption syndrome?

Answer 31

Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, lactase deficiency, bile salt deficiency

Question 32

Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency is?

Answer 32

Poor enzyme secretion

Question 33

Lactase deficiency is?

Answer 33

Inability to digest lactose

Question 34

Bile Salt Deficiency is?

Answer 34

Reduced fat absorption

Question 35

Upper GI Bleeding will show as what?

Answer 35

Hematemesis (vomiting blood)

Question 36

Lower GI bleeeding will show as?

Answer 36

Melena (black tarry stool), Hematochezia (bright red blood in stool), and occult blood (hidden)

Question 37

Intestinal Obstruction

Answer 37

Mechanical or fuctional blockage preventing food passage

Question 38

IBD and liver diseases are chronic meaning?

Answer 38

They require long term management

Question 39

GI disorders can result from?

Answer 39

Infection, Inflammation, structural abnormalities and malignancies