Digestive Enzymes

Question 1

Salivary amylase (ptyalin)

Answer 1

Salivary glands: Mouth: Hydrolyzes starch to maltose and dextrins

Question 2

Pancreatic amylase

Answer 2

Pancreas (acinar cells): Duodenum : Hydrolyzes starch to maltose and dextrins

Question 3

Maltase

Answer 3

Intestinal glands: Duodenum: Hydrolyzes isomaltose to two glucose molecules

Question 4

Isomaltase

Answer 4

Intestinal glands: Duodenum: Hydrolyzes isomaltose to two glucose molecules

Question 5

Sucrase

Answer 5

Intestinal glands: Duodenum: Hydrolyzes sucrose to glucose and fructose

Question 6

Lactase

Answer 6

Intestinal glands: Duodenum: Hydrolyzes lactose to glucose and galactose

Question 7

Pepsin (ogen)

Answer 7

Gastric glands (chief cells): Stomach: Hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds; activated by HCl

Question 8

Trypsin (ogen)

Answer 8

Pancreas (acinar cells): Duodenum: Hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds; converts chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin; activated by enteropeptidase

Question 9

Chymotrypsin (ogen)

Answer 9

Gastric glands (chief cells): Stomach: Hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds; activated by HCl

Question 10

(Pro) carboxy peptidases A and B

Answer 10

Pancreas (acinar cells): Duodenum: Hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds; activated by trypsin

Question 11

Aminopeptidase

Answer 11

Intestinal glands: Duodenum: Hydrolyzes terminal peptide bond at amino end

Question 12

Dipeptidases

Answer 12

Intestinal glands: Duodenum: Hydrolyzes pairs of amino acids

Question 13

Enteropeptidase

Answer 13

Intestinal glands: Duodenum: Converts trypsinogen to trypsin and pro-carboxypeptidases A and B to carboxypeptidases A and B

Question 14

Bile

Answer 14

Liver (stored in gallbladder): Duodenum: Emulsifies fat

Question 15

Lipase

Answer 15

Pancreas (acinar cells): Duodenum: Hydrolyzes lipids

Question 16

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 16

A, D, E, and K

Question 17

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 17

B complex and C

Question 18

Mucous cell

Answer 18

Mucus-Protects lining stomach, increases pH (bicarbonate)

Question 19

Chief cell

Answer 19

Pepsinogen: Digests proteins, activated by H+

Question 20

Parietal cell

Answer 20

HCl, intrinsic factor
HCl: Decreases pH, kills microbes, denatures proteins, carries out some chemical digestion; intrinsic factor: absorption of vitamin B12

Question 21

G-cell

Answer 21

Gastrin: Increases HCl production, increases gastric motility

Question 22

Sucrase

Answer 22

Enzyme: Brush-border enzyme; breaks down sucrose into monosaccharides

Question 23

Secretin

Answer 23

Hormones: Increases pancreatic sections, especially bicarbonate; reduces HCl secretion; decreases motility

Question 24

Dipeptidase

Answer 24

Enzyme: Brush-border enzyme; breaks down dipeptides into free amino acids

Question 25

Cholecystokinin

Answer 25

Hormone: Recruits secretions from gallbladder and pancreas; promotes satiety

Question 26

Enteropeptidase

Answer 26

Enzyme: Activates trypsinogen, which initiates an activation cascade

Question 27

Mucous cell

Answer 27

Mucus: Protects lining of stomach, increases pH (bicarbonate)

Question 28

Chief cell

Answer 28

Pepsinogen: Digests proteins, activated by H+

Question 29

Parietal cell

Answer 29

HCl, intrinsic factor: decreases pH, kills microbes, denatures proteins, carries out some chemical digestion; intrinsic factor: absorption of vitamin B12

Question 30

G-cell

Answer 30

Gastrin: Increases HCl production, increases gastric motility

Question 31

Sucrase

Answer 31

Enzyme: Brush-border enzyme; breaks down sucrose into monosaccharides

Question 32

Secretin

Answer 32

Hormone: Increases pancreatic secretion, especially bicarbonate; reduces HCl secretion; decreases motility

Question 33

Depeptidase

Answer 33

Enzyme: brush-border enzyme; breaks down dipeptides into free amino acids

Question 34

Cholecystokinin

Answer 34

Hormone: Recruits secretions from gallbladder and pancreas; promotes satiety

Question 35

Entero-peptidase

Answer 35

Enzyme: Activates trypsinogen, which initiates an activation cascade

Question 36

Layers of the skin (superficial to deep)

Answer 36

``` Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale ```