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Anatomy 2 > Digestive Histology > Flashcards

Digestive Histology Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

Digestive function

A 
Ingestion
Sectretion
Mixing propulsion
Digestion mechanical and chemical
Absorption
Defacation barrier
Immune
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2
Q

Pharynx

A

Passageway for air and food
Nasopharynx- ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium
Oropharynx- nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Larnygopharynx- nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

Alimentary canal structure

A 
Mucosa
-Epithelium - stratified squamous or simple columnar
-Lamina propria- LCT
-Muscularis mucosa
Sub mucosa 
Muscularis externa
Serosa or adventitia
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4
Q

Myenteric nerves

A

Auerbachs plexus
Nerves for the alimentary canal
Inner gates smooth muscles

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5
Q

Esophagus

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Muscularis externa
- upper third skeletal
-lower third smooth muscles
Serosa (after T10) and adventitia
Mucous glands
-esophageal glands proper (submucosa)more higher up
-esophageal cardiac glands (lamina propria by stomach)

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6
Q

Stomach

A 
Cardio
Fundus
Body
Pylorus
-pyloric Antrum
-pyloric canal
-pyloric sphincter 
Has rugae to expand during meals
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7
Q

Stomach glands

A

Cardiac glands- primarily mucous
Funding glands - cells that secrete HCl and pepsin
Pyloric glands-‘primarily mucous, longer than cardiac

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8
Q

Stomach wall modifications

A 
Simple columnar epithelium
Create gastric pits- simple branched tubular glands
Muscularis externa
-outer longitudinal 
-middle circular
- inner oblique
Serosa
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9
Q

Fundic glands

A

Surface mucous cells
Mucous neck cells
Parietal cells- HCl and intrinsic factor
Chief cells- pepsinogen and gastric lipase
G cells- hormone gastrin=triggers other cells, enteroendocrine cells

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10
Q

Small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Illeum
Large surface area, long 10 ft
Plicae circularis- leaf shaped in duodenum
Villi
Microvilli, striated border of Stereocilia

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11
Q

Small intestine wall modifications

A 
Absorptive cells or enterocytes 
Goblet cells
Crypts of lieberkuhn
- tubular glands
- paneth cells
-enteroendocrine cells
-stem cells
Submucosa 
- Duodenum= brunners gland for alkaline mucous
Serosa after descending papillae pf duodenum
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12
Q

Paneth cells

A

Secretes lysozyme and capable of phagocytosis

Deep in crypts of Lieberkuhn

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13
Q

Brunners glands

A

Mucous glands
In duodenum
Produce alkaline mucous

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14
Q

Lacteals

A

Blood vessels that fill the villi of the small intestine

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15
Q

Peters patches

A

Lymphatic cells nodules which are found in the ileum

M cells specialized epithelial cells that detect antigens

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16
Q

Large intestine

A

Mainly electrolytes in water
No plicae circularis and no villi
Teniae coli- longitudinal smooth muscle bands
Haustra- pockets in the large intestine
Omental appendages- fatty tissue of Serosa

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17
Q

Large intestine wall modifications

A 
Simple columnar epithelium 
Crypts of lieberkuhn 
-tubular glands
-absorptive cells or colonocytes
-Goblet cells
-Enteroendocrine cells
-stem cells
Lymphoid GALT
Serosa or adventitia
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18
Q

Anal canal

Study These Flashcards
A

Colorectal zone- superior third with simple columnar epithelium

Anal transitional zone - middle third with mix epithelium, adding stratified columnar, muscularis mucous disappears

Squamous zone- non keratinized stratified which goes to keratinized at skin

19
Q

Pancreas

Study These Flashcards
A

Head body tail
98% exocrine compound acinar glands
2% endocrine islets of langerhans
Digestive enzymes into minor and major duodenal papillae via the haepatopancreatic duct or duct of vater
Sodium bicarbonate for buffering and pancreatic juices

20
Q

Pharynx

Study These Flashcards
A

Passageway for air and food
Nasopharynx- ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium
Oropharynx- nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Larnygopharynx- nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

21
Q

Alimentary canal structure

Study These Flashcards
A 
Mucosa
-Epithelium - stratified squamous or simple columnar
-Lamina propria- LCT
-Muscularis mucosa
Sub mucosa 
Muscularis externa
Serosa or adventitia
22
Q

Myenteric nerves

Study These Flashcards
A

Auerbachs plexus
Nerves for the alimentary canal
Inner gates smooth muscles

23
Q

Esophagus

Study These Flashcards
A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Muscularis externa
- upper third skeletal
-lower third smooth muscles
Serosa (after T10) and adventitia
Mucous glands
-esophageal glands proper (submucosa)more higher up
-esophageal cardiac glands (lamina propria by stomach)

24
Q

Stomach

Study These Flashcards
A 
Cardio
Fundus
Body
Pylorus
-pyloric Antrum
-pyloric canal
-pyloric sphincter 
Has rugae to expand during meals
25
Stomach glands
Cardiac glands- primarily mucous Funding glands - cells that secrete HCl and pepsin Pyloric glands-'primarily mucous, longer than cardiac
26
Stomach wall modifications
``` Simple columnar epithelium Create gastric pits- simple branched tubular glands Muscularis externa -outer longitudinal -middle circular - inner oblique Serosa ```
27
Fundic glands
Surface mucous cells Mucous neck cells Parietal cells- HCl and intrinsic factor Chief cells- pepsinogen and gastric lipase G cells- hormone gastrin=triggers other cells, enteroendocrine cells
28
Small intestine
Duodenum Jejunum Illeum Large surface area, long 10 ft Plicae circularis- leaf shaped in duodenum Villi Microvilli, striated border of Stereocilia
29
Small intestine wall modifications
``` Absorptive cells or enterocytes Goblet cells Crypts of lieberkuhn - tubular glands - paneth cells -enteroendocrine cells -stem cells Submucosa - Duodenum= brunners gland for alkaline mucous Serosa after descending papillae pf duodenum ```
30
Paneth cells
Secretes lysozyme and capable of phagocytosis | Deep in crypts of Lieberkuhn
31
Brunners glands
Mucous glands In duodenum Produce alkaline mucous
32
Lacteals
Blood vessels that fill the villi of the small intestine
33
Peters patches
Lymphatic cells nodules which are found in the ileum | M cells specialized epithelial cells that detect antigens
34
Large intestine
Mainly electrolytes in water No plicae circularis and no villi Teniae coli- longitudinal smooth muscle bands Haustra- pockets in the large intestine Omental appendages- fatty tissue of Serosa
35
Large intestine wall modifications
``` Simple columnar epithelium Crypts of lieberkuhn -tubular glands -absorptive cells or colonocytes -Goblet cells -Enteroendocrine cells -stem cells Lymphoid GALT Serosa or adventitia ```
36
Anal canal
Colorectal zone- superior third with simple columnar epithelium Anal transitional zone - middle third with mix epithelium, adding stratified columnar, muscularis mucous disappears Squamous zone- non keratinized stratified which goes to keratinized at skin
37
Pancreas
Head body tail 98% exocrine compound acinar glands 2% endocrine islets of langerhans Digestive enzymes into minor and major duodenal papillae via the haepatopancreatic duct or duct of vater Sodium bicarbonate for buffering and pancreatic juices Acinar cells have zymogen granules
38
Liver blood sources
``` Hepatic artery oxygenated, 25% of blood Hepatic portal vein deoxygenated with newly absorbed, nutrients, drugs, toxins... 75% of blood Produces bile into feces Transport: Liver sinusoids Central vein Hepatic vein IVC Right atrium of heart ```
39
Hepatic lobules
Has hepatocytes in plates around central veins Hepatic sinusoids project outward with endothelium lining Hepatocytes have microvilli that extend to space of disse or perisinusoidal space Kupffer cells Hepatic stellate cells Surrounds by portal triads: proper hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct(simple cuboidal cells)
40
Kupffer cells
Phagocytic cells or stellate macrophages Derived from monocytes Look for old Rbc
41
Hepatic stellate cells
Ito cells Found in the perisinusoidal space Have lipid droplets Store vitamin A
42
Hepatocytes
Produce bile from toxins
43
Gallbladder
30-50 ml of bile storage Simple columnar epithelium some Microvilli No muscularis mucous or submucosa Concentrate bile from liver til needed in small intestine

Anatomy 2 (10 decks)

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