Digestive Pathology

Question 1

Lack of appetite.

Answer 1

anorexia

Question 2

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.

Answer 2

ascites

Question 3

Rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 3

borborygmi (singular borborygmus)

Question 4

Difficulty in passing stools (feces).

Answer 4

constipation

Question 5

Persistent constipation without an identifiable cause.

Answer 5

chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC)

Question 6

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools.

Answer 6

diarrhea

Question 7

Difficulty in swallowing.

Answer 7

dysphagia

Question 8

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth.

Answer 8

eructation

Question 9

Gas expelled through the anus.

Answer 9

flatus

Question 10

Passage of bright, red blood from the rectum.

Answer 10

hematochezia

Question 11

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia).

Answer 11

jaundice (icterus)

Question 12

Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood.

Answer 12

melena

Question 13

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit.

Answer 13

nausea

Question 14

Fat in the feces.

Answer 14

steatorrhea

Question 15

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers.

Answer 15

aphthous stomatitus

Question 16

Tooth decay.

Answer 16

dental caries

Question 17

Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus.

Answer 17

herpetic stomatitus

Question 18

White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth.

Answer 18

oral leukoplakia

Question 19

Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone.

Answer 19

periodontal disease

Question 20

Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax.

Answer 20

achalasia

Question 21

Malignant tumor of the esophagus.

Answer 21

esophageal cancer

Question 22

Swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus.

Answer 22

esophageal varices

Question 23

Increased pressure in veins near and around the liver.

Answer 23

portal hypertension

Question 24

Malignant tumor of the stomach.

Answer 24

gastric cancer

Question 25

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach.

Answer 25

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 26

Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it.

Answer 26

hernia

Question 27

Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum.

Answer 27

peptic ulcer

Question 28

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus.

Answer 28

anal fistula

Question 29

Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon.

Answer 29

colonic polyps

Question 30

Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both.

Answer 30

colorectal cancer

Question 31

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract.

Answer 31

Crohn disease (Crohn's)

Question 32

Abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon.

Answer 32

diverticulosis

Question 33

Painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection.

Answer 33

dysentery

Question 34

Swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region.

Answer 34

hemorrhoids

Question 35

Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines.

Answer 35

ileus

Question 36

Inflammation of the colon and small intestine (ex: Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis).

Answer 36

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Question 37

Telescoping of intestines.

Answer 37

intussusception

Question 38

Group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation) without structural abnormalities in the intestines.

Answer 38

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Question 39

Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers.

Answer 39

ulcerative colitis

Question 40

Twisting of the intestine on itself.

Answer 40

volvulus

Question 41

Gallstones in the gallbladder.

Answer 41

cholelithiasis

Question 42

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver.

Answer 42

cirrhosis

Question 43

Liver cancer.

Answer 43

hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Question 44

Malignant tumor of the pancreas.

Answer 44

pancreatic cancer

Question 45

Inflammation of the pancreas.

Answer 45

pancreatitis

Question 46

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus.

Answer 46

vital hepatitis