Digestive physio of poultries and its nutritional consequences

Question 1

What species is used as a basis for this topic

Answer 1

Chickens

Question 2

Hybrids

Answer 2

Have a higher prod level!

Are used for market eggs and meat prod

Question 3

Purebreeds: what are they used for and the types

Answer 3

They are used for breeding eggs

1. Lightbreed <2kg white leghorn
2. Mediumbreed 2.5kg plymouth rock
3. Heavybreed 3.5-4kg white cornish

Question 4

9 aspects of the GIT

Answer 4

1. Beak
2. Saliva
3. Esophagus
4. Crop
5. Gizzard
6. Pancreas
7. Small intestine
8. Caecae
9. Cloaca

Question 5

Beak

Answer 5

Prefer feed with a seed-like physical form

FI depends on E content and the physical form, and so the FI can be changed without changing E

Question 6

Saliva

Answer 6

Small amount is produced

Question 7

Esophagus

Answer 7

Softens feed

Question 8

Crop

Answer 8

STORAGE

smaller bird has a smaller crop and therefore shorter storage time and so needs feeds more frequently

Not in waterfowl

Question 9

Gizzard

Answer 9

Grinds feed into smaller particles (to compensate for the lack of teeth)

Is a good idea to include grit in the diet e.g limestome to aid the grinding

Question 10

Small intestine (4)

Answer 10

1. Small volume
2. 5-6x the length of the body
3. Short transit time- therefore use good quality feed
4. Beta glucans are the antinutritive in barley, they have a high viscosity and decr digestibility because they cause narrowing of the lumen

Question 11

Caecae (4)

Answer 11

Doubled

Relatively small

Only 10% of the feed reaches here

Low fibre digestion

Question 12

Cloaca

Answer 12

Excretion of urine and faeces together

ME is needed

Question 13

Nutrition (4)

Answer 13

1. Essential fatty acids
2. E source
3. Protein source
4. Supplements

Question 14

Essential FA’s

Answer 14

Linoleic acid

Def: depressed growth and skin problems

Question 15

E source

Answer 15

Cereal grains

Make up 60-70% of the feed

Question 16

Protein source

Answer 16

Legume seeds and oilseed meals

Make up 30-40% of the feed

Question 17

Supplements

Answer 17

Vits and mins

AA

E

Question 18

What are the physical forms of the feed (3)

Answer 18

1. Mash= brown meal, is used to decr FI
2. Pellets= larger
3. Crumbles- particle size btw mash and pellets

**pellets and crumbles are preferred by chickens**

Question 19

Cereal sources (4)

Answer 19

1. Oat
2. Barley
3. Wheat
4. Corn

Question 20

Legume seed sources (4)

Answer 20

1. Field pea
2. Horse bean
3. Soy bean
4. Lupine

Question 21

Extracted meals sources (3)

Answer 21

1. Soybean meal
2. Extracted sunflower meal (high in CF)
3. Extracted rapeseed meal

Question 22

Methods of diluting the E density

Answer 22

1. Wheat bran: incr fibre and low E
2. Alfalfa meal: high fibre

Both are used to avoid rapid growth