Digestive Radiology Flashcards
(43 cards)
What are the organs that can be observed when evaluating digestive radiology?
Esophagus and pharynx
Stomach (location of the fundus , pylorus, margins, opacity, size and shape)
Duodenum (location, margins, opacity, size and shape) *check VD and left lateral view
Small intestines: location, margins, opacity, size and shape
Cecum: location, margins, opacity, size and shape
Colon; location, margins, opacity, size and shape
What do you evaluate when looking at the stomach?
Stomach (location of the fundus , pylorus, margins, opacity, size and shape)
What do you evaluate when looking at the Duodenum?
Duodenum (location, margins, opacity, size and shape) *check VD and left lateral view
What do you evaluate when looking at the small intestines?
Small intestines: location, margins, opacity, size and shape
What do you evaluate when looking at the cecum and colon?
location, margins, opacity, size and shape
What is the proper technique when viewing the esophagus?
Always make survey radiographs!
Caudal pharynx to cranial abdomen (cardia)
*Make sure you radiograph the entire esophagus
*View digestive radiology lecture; slide 3
How do you evaluate if there are foreign objects in the stomach?
Gastric foreign objects are obvious if mineral or metal opacity
-Fish hooks, bones, needles.
If not obvious and an FB is suspected..
-Always make both lateral views. Repeat radiographs (can be helpful) contrast studies, ultrasound, endoscopy.
What is the hardest material to view in the stomach?
Plastics!
*View digestive radiology lecture; slide 4
What is the radiographic anatomy of the stomach
Pyloric positon.
Gastric axis
Recumbency
Appearance depends on the volume of gas and fluid.
*View digestive radiology lecture; slide 6 & 7 & 8
***What is the radiographic anatomy of the stomach
Cardia
Not very obvious
*directly from the esophagus
***What is the radiographic anatomy of the stomach..
Fundus
Dorsal on lateral views (top)
Left on VD/DV
***What is the radiographic anatomy of the stomach
Body
Contains gas on VD view
***What is the radiographic anatomy of the stomach
Pylorus
Ventral on lateral views
Right on VD/DV
How does GDV appear on radiographs?
*View digestive radiology lecture; slide 8
View the position of the pylorus (on top)
Nearly all of them are 180s dorsal on the left.
VD big air pocket
DV can see the pylorus
Right lateral can see the pylorus ventrally.
When diagnosing GDV, what is a clue that can tell you it is just dilation, not GDV?
You see dilation of the stomach and the pylorus, but both are in normal position in the right lateral view.
*View digestive radiology lecture; slide 9
What is the best view for observing a GDV on radiograph?
DV Like gDV
Typically there is a lot of gas with GDV and you will not see the pylorus.
*View digestive radiology lecture; slide 10
if you want to observe the pylorus (dorsal and left) choose what view?
Right lateral view
*View digestive radiology lecture; slide 11
Pyloric obstruction is due to..
Pyloric stenosis
Mucosal hypertrophy
Neoplasia
Foreign object
*View digestive radiology lecture; slide 12
What is the normal gastric emptying time in the dog?
2 hours
What is the normal gastric emptying time in the cat?
1 hour
What are abnormal radiographic findings in the stomach?
Delayed gastric emptying. Filling defects (foreign objects, ingesta, granulomas, and neoplasia) Pyloric stenosis (dynamic, need more then one image)
What is pyloric outflow disease?
Hypertrophy, tumor, spasm, inflammation, foreign object..
Chronic dilation may result in gastric distention.
*View digestive radiology lecture; slide 14
Clinical signs of small intestine disease..
Vomiting Diarrhea Weight loss Abdominal pain Palpation of a mass
What are normal findings associated with the small intestines?
Descending duodenum often filed with gas.
Cats bowel tends to contain very little gas.
Normal diameter in dog..
1.5 x the height of the middle the body of L5
Normal diameter of cat..
Cat is less then 12 mm or about twice the height of L4
*View digestive radiology lecture; slide 14