Digestive, Respiratory, Urinary And Motor Flashcards
(41 cards)
Front
Back
What is the main function of the digestive system?
To break down food and absorb nutrients.
Where does chemical digestion begin?
In the mouth with enzymes in saliva (amylase).
What enzyme breaks down starch?
Amylase.
What is the function of the stomach?
To churn food and start protein digestion with pepsin.
What is chyme?
Partially digested food mixed with stomach acid.
Where does most nutrient absorption occur?
In the small intestine.
What is the role of bile?
To emulsify fats.
Where is bile produced and stored?
Produced in the liver, stored in the gallbladder.
What does the pancreas secrete?
Digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.
What is the role of the large intestine?
Absorbs water and forms feces.
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
To exchange gases between the body and the environment.
What is the diaphragm?
A muscle that contracts to allow inhalation.
What happens during inhalation?
Diaphragm contracts, chest expands, air flows in.
What happens during exhalation?
Diaphragm relaxes, chest contracts, air flows out.
Where does gas exchange occur?
In the alveoli of the lungs.
What gas is picked up by blood in the lungs?
Oxygen.
What gas is released from the blood into the lungs?
Carbon dioxide.
What is the function of cilia and mucus in the trachea?
To trap and remove particles and pathogens.
How is oxygen transported in the blood?
Bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells.
What controls breathing rate?
The medulla oblongata, responding to CO₂ levels.
What is the function of the urinary system?
To filter blood and remove waste as urine.
What are the main organs of the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra.
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
The nephron.
