digestive system Flashcards
(32 cards)
explain the difference between mechanical digestion and chemical digestion
- mechanical digestion involves physical movements such as chewing and muscle contractions
- chemical digestion uses enzymes to breakdown food
identify each of the following as mechanical or chemical forms of digestion
- mastication in the mouth with the teeth
- the addititon of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, forming chyme
- churning and mixing in the stomach
- salivary amylase catalyzing the breakdown of startcg into maltose
- pepsin catalyzig the breakdown of protein into amino acids
- sedmentation and mixing in the small intestines
- mechanical
- chemical
- mechanical
- chemical
- chemical
- chemical
label the three salivary glands (from top to bottom/ left to right )
- parotid gland
- submandibular gland
- sublingual gland
what is the function of the canine teeth
slashing and tearing
what is the function of the incisors teeth
cutting and clipping
what is the function of the premolars and molars
grinding and mashing
when would you need to get a filling
when bacteria waste acids that dissolve the calcium phosphate of the enamel, creating a hole
when would you need to get a rot canal
a decaying tooth that has reached the pulp
when would you need to get wisdom tooth extraction
when additionalset of molars come i and cause problems to other teeth or cause problems
at what point is food first classified as a olus
the tongue produces a ball of chewed, softened food which is swallowed
at what point is food classified as chyme
partially digested food, mucus, and acid mixtures
food is blocked from entering the nasopharynx by the -
uvula
foo dis blocked from re-entering the oral cavity by the -
cardiac sphincter
food is blocked from entering the larynx and trachea by the -
epiglottis
food can only pass through the -
esophagus
what substance s produces by chief cells
pesin pearls
what substance is produced by parietal cells
hydrochloric acid
what substance is produced by mucus cells
mucus
the pancreas also releases bicarbonate. What is the role of this substance?
a base and critical to neutralizing the acid coming into the smal intestine from the stomach
the liver releases bile salts through the gall bladder. What is rhe role of these?
helps with the digestion of fats in the body. Also helps to absorbs fat-absorbs vitamis like a, d, e and k
the stomach has rugae, while the small intestines have villi and microvilli. How do these structures aid in digestion and absorption
- rugae increases surfaces area for digestion
- vili/microvilli increases surface area for asorption
explain the role of the external anal sphincter in the defacation reflex
the external anal sphincters contract
explain the role of the internal anal sphincter in the defacation reflex
the internal anal sphincter relaxes
explain the role of the transversus abdominis and rectus abdominis muscles
helps to compress the ribs and viscera, providing thoracic and pelvic stability
