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Flashcards in digestive system Deck (27)
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1
Q

functions of digestive system

A

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food and the absorption of nutrients

2
Q

two types of bowel movements

A

Mixing Movements: mix food with digestive juices

Propelling Movements: called peristalsis; pushes food down the tube

3
Q

mouth

A

begins digestion by chewing and mixing with saliva

4
Q

tongue

A

moves food, connects to floor of mouth via frenulum

5
Q

amylase

A

enzyme breaks down starch into sugars

6
Q

esophagus

A

The muscular tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to the stomach.

7
Q

four regions of the stomach

A

cardia, fundus, body and pylorus

8
Q

pyloric canal

A

which connects to the duodenum.

9
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

located at this latter point of connection and controls stomach emptying.

10
Q

stomach lining

A

Mucus prevents stomach from digesting itself, small openings called gastric pits contain glands

11
Q

pepsin

A

most important digestive enzyme for breaking down food

12
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Food being broken down in smaller pieces

13
Q

chemical digestion

A

Substances in our digestive organs are released that change food particles into particles that are chemically different

14
Q

chyme

A

is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by a person’s stomach, through the pyloric valve, into the duodenum.

15
Q

small intestine

A

Not only is this where most digestion occurs, it is also where practically all absorption occurs.

16
Q

duodenum

A

makes a C-shaped curve around the head of the pancreas before ascending anteriorly again to return to the peritoneal cavity and join the jejunum.

17
Q

jejunum

A

Jejunum means “empty” in Latin and supposedly was so named by the ancient Greeks who noticed it was always empty at death. No clear line exists between the jejunum and the final segment of the small intestine, the ileum.

18
Q

lleum

A

It is thicker, more vascular, and has more developed mucosal folds than the jejunum. The jejunum and ileum are tethered to the posterior abdominal wall by the mesentery. The large intestine frames these three parts of the small intestine.

19
Q

large intestine

A

The large intestine is subdivided into four main regions: the cecum, the colon, the rectum, and the anus.

20
Q

cecum

A

start of large intestine, has an attached appendix

21
Q

colon

A

Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid

22
Q

rectum

A

stores waste before it is expelled from the body

23
Q

anus

A

muscular sphincter which controls the exit of waste

24
Q

bristol stool chart

A

Diagnostic medical tool designed to classify the form of human feces into seven categories.

25
Q

liver

A

oles in metabolism and regulation.

26
Q

gallbladder

A

stores and concentrates bile, releasing it when it is needed by the small intestine.

27
Q

pancreas

A

responsible for secretion of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate