Digestive system Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
abdomin/o
A
abdomen
2
Q
bucc/o
A
cheek
3
Q
cheil/o
A
lip
4
Q
chol/e, chol/o
A
bile, gall
5
Q
cholangi/o
A
bile duct
6
Q
cholesyct/o
A
gallbladder
7
Q
choledoch/o
A
common bile duct
8
Q
col/o, colon/o
A
colon
9
Q
dent/i, dent/o
A
teeth
10
Q
duoden/o
A
dueodenum
11
Q
-emesis
A
vomit
12
Q
enter/o
A
intestine
13
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
14
Q
gast/o
A
stomach
15
Q
gingiv/o
A
gums
16
Q
gloss/o
A
tongue
17
Q
hepat/o
A
liver
18
Q
ile/o
A
ileum
19
Q
jejun/o
A
jejunum
20
Q
lapar/o
A
abdomen
21
Q
-lith
A
stone
22
Q
pacreat/o
A
pancreas
23
Q
-pepsia
A
digestion
24
Q
phag/o
A
eating; swallowing
25
-phagia
eat or swallow
26
proct/o
anus and rectum
27
pylor/o
pylorus
28
rect/o
rectum
29
-scope
device for visual examination
30
sial/o
salivary glands
31
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
32
stomat/o
mouth
33
alimentary canal (GI tract)
continuous tract beginning with the oral cavity and ending at the anus
34
Upper GI tract
oral cavity, esophagus, and the stomach
35
Lower GI tract
intestines
36
3 main functions of the digestive system
digestion, absorption, and elimination
37
gastroenterologist and proctologist
specialist concerned with most aspects of the digestive system
38
accessory organs
salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
39
bolus
small mass of masticated food
40
esophagus
collapsible tube, lubricates food with mucus and moves it to the stomach
41
peristalsis
wave-like motion by which esophagus moves food to stomach
42
cardiac sphincter
also called the lower esophageal sphincter. ring like muscle that controls food flow from esophagus to stomach
43
3-4 hours
time food stays in stomach before beginning to enter small intestine
44
chyme
liquid composed of digesting food that leaves stomach for small intestine
45
pyloric sphincter
muscle at the distal end of the stomach
46
duodenum
first part of small intestine
47
small intestine sections
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
48
ileocecal sphincter
controls flow from ileum to cecum
49
cecum
first part of large intestine
50
large intestine sections
cecum, colon, and rectum
51
vermiform appendix
blind tube attached to the cecum
52
parts of the colon
ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon
53
rectum
takes up approximately the last 6 inches of large intestine
54
saliva
begins digestive process, helps eliminate bacteria in the mouth, and keeps teeth and tongue clean
55
liver location
upper right quadrant of abdomen
56
functions of liver
digestion, metabolism, and detoxification... one main digestive function: manufacture and secretion of bile
57
bile
needed to process fats before they are released into the bloodstream
58
common bile duct
once bile is produced in the liver, it travels down this to the gallbladder for storage
59
a few other functions of the liver
stores glucose in the form of glycogen, manufactures blood proteins and clotting factors, destroys old red blood cells, stores some vitamins and iron
60
gallbladder
stores, condenses and delivers bile to the small intestine
61
pancreas
produces digestive enzymes that aid in processing carbs and fats in foods as well as secreting hormones into bloodscream
62
location of pancreas
lies posterior to the stomach
63
stomatitis
infection of the mouth
64
gingivitis
infection of the gums
65
parotiditis
inflammation of the parotid gland, usually with bilateral swelling
66
disphagia
difficulty swallowing
67
esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
68
barium swallow upper GI series
x-ray of the upper GI tract using contract medium
69
gastroscopy
examination of the esophagus and stomach using a gastroscope
70
hiatal hernia
part of the stomach protrudes through the opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity-- often causes heartburn
71
epigastric pain
heartburn
72
GERD- gastroesophageal reflux disease
upward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus
73
gastritis
occurs when gastric mucosa is inflamed. may progress to ulceration-- causes incl: repeated infections, allergies to food, ingestion of spicy foods, medications such as NSAIDs, or ingestion of corrosive agents
74
Crohn's disease
inflammation of the mucosal lining of the intestine and may result in ulcers and destruction of the intestinal lining or total obstruction
75
symptoms of Crohn's
cramping, diarrhea, melena, anorexia, weight loss, and fatigue
76
melena
bloody stools
77
pertinoitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
78
diverticula
abnormal pouches in the intestinal wall that form as incr pressure pushes the wall of the colon outward at certain weakened points
79
diverticulosis
occurs when diverticula develop in the colon
80
diverticulitis
when bacteria or fecal matter collect in the pouches, inflammation can result
81
intussusception
one type of mechanical obstrcution-- is a telescoping of a section of bowel inside and adjacent section-- can be fatal if not tx quickly
82
volvulus
twisting of the bowel-- can be fatal if not tx quickly
83
inguinal hernia
the protrusion of a small loop of intestine through a weak spot in the lower abdominal wall or groin
84
polyp
a growth protruding from a stalk-- may dev into cancer
85
cholelithiasis
gallstones
86
cholangiolistis
usually refers to inflammation of the smallest bile duct
87
choledocholithiasis
refers to obstruction of the biliary tractby gallstones
88
symptoms of cholelithiasis
nausea and vomiting, pain in URQ, sometimes jaundice-- normal tx is surgical removal of the gallbladder
89
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
90
jaundice or icterus
symptom of hepatitis
91
hepatitis vaccines
available for A and B
92
cirrhosis
chronic liver disease- liver becomes nodular and can progress to necrosis and liver failure
93
cirrhosis characterized by...
ascites, and in early stages, hepatomegaly
94
eructation
belching
95
dyspepsia
impairment of digestion
96
H2 blockers
drugs used to tx ulcers and conditions such as GERD. Act by blocking the release of acid
97
protein pump inhibitors
meds Rx to reduce production of acid by blocking an enzyme that is necessary for acid production. The reduction of acid prevents ulcers and allows any ulcers that exist in the esophagus, stomach and duodenum to heal
98
protective agents
taken for ulcers. provide topical protective layer over the ulcer, allowing it to healq
99
BE
barium enema
100
BM
bowel movement
101
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
102
GB
gallbladder
103
GBS
gallbladder x-ray series
104
HCl
hydrochliric acid
105
NGT
nasogastric tube
106
UGI
upper gastrointestinal
107
bilirubin
waste produced by worn out RBC's
108
degluition
swallowing
109
fundus
part of the stomach lying above the cardia notch
110
cholecytopathy
any disease of the gallbladder
111
gastrocele
hernia of the stomach
112
sialoadentitis
inflammation of the salivary gland
113
sialoagniitis
inflammation of the salivary duct
114
sialorrhea
excessive production of saliva
115
sialostenosis
narrow of salivary duct
116
sialography
radiography of the salivary glands and ducts
117
anastomosis
creation of an opening b/w two hollow organs
118
colectomy
excision of all or part of the colon
119
colopexy
fixation of the colon
