Digestive System

Question 1

Intracellular Digestion:

Answer 1

The oxidation of glucose and fatty acids to

make energy.

Question 2

Extracellular Digestion:

Answer 2

Process by which nutrients are obtained from

food. Occurs in alimentary canal.

Question 3

Mechanical Digestion:

Answer 3

Physical breakdown of large food molecules

into smaller particles.

Question 4

Chemical Digestion:

Answer 4

The enzymatic cleavage of chemical bonds
such as the peptide bonds of proteins or the
glycosidic bonds of starches.

Question 5

Peristalsis:

Answer 5

Rhythmic contractions of the gut tube

Question 6

What is the effect of ADH and aldosterone on thirst?

Answer 6

Increase thirst

Question 7

Effect of glucagon and ghrelin on hunger?

Answer 7

Increase hunger

Question 8

Effect of leptin and cholecystokinin on satiety

Answer 8

Increase satiety

Question 9

Describe the digestive pathway

Answer 9

Oral cavity –> pharynx –> esophagus –> stomach –> small intestine –> large intestine –> rectum

Question 10

Duodenum

Answer 10

First part of small intestine. A basic (pH = 8.5) environment. Site of the
majority of chemical digestion.

Question 11

Disaccharidases:

Answer 11

Brush-border enzymes that break down maltose,

isomaltose, lactose, and sucrose into monosaccharides.

Question 12

Aminopeptidase &

Dipeptidase:

Answer 12

Brush-border peptidases

Question 13

Enteropeptidase

Answer 13

Activates trypsinogen and procarboxypeptidases.

Question 14

List the enzymes in the duodenum

Answer 14

dissaccharidases, aminopeptidases, enteropeptidase

Question 15

Hormones in the duodenum

Answer 15

Secretin and cholecystokinin

Question 16

Secretin:

Answer 16

: Peptide hormone. Stimulates release of pancreatic

juices and slows motility.

Question 17

Cholecystokinin

Answer 17

Stimulates bile release from gallbladder, release of

pancreatic juices, and satiety.

Question 18

List the two enzymes that start the chemical digestion of food

Answer 18

amylase and lipase

Question 19

What prevents food from entering the larynx?

Answer 19

The epiglottis

Question 20

What connects the mouth to the esophagus?

Answer 20

Pharynx

Question 21

What are the four parts of the stomach?

Answer 21

fundus, body, antrum, pylorus

Question 22

List the 4 secretory cells that line the stomach

Answer 22

Mucous cells, chief cells, parietal cells, and G cells

Question 23

Mucous Cells

Answer 23

Produce bicarbonate-rich mucus to protect

stomach wall from acid.

Question 24

Chief Cells

Answer 24

Secrete pepsinogen, a protease activated by the

acidic environment.

Question 25

Parietal Cells:

Answer 25

: Secrete HCl and intrinsic factor, which is needed for | vitamin B12 absorption.

Question 26

G-Cells:

Answer 26

Secrete gastrin, a peptide hormone that increases ­HCl | secretion & gastric motility.

Question 27

Which structures of the small intestine are primarily involved in absorption?

Answer 27

jejunum and ileum

Question 28

What is the small intestine lined with ?

Answer 28

Villi which are covered with microvili

Question 29

Villi:

Answer 29

: Capillary Bed: Absorbs water-soluble nutrients. | Lacteal: Absorbs fat, sends to lymphatic system.

Question 30

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 30

A D E K

Question 31

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 31

all other vitamins that aren't fat soluble

Question 32

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 32

Absorbs water and salts and forms feces

Question 33

Cecum

Answer 33

Outpocketing that accepts fluid from small intestine through ileocecal valve. Site of attachment of the appendix.

Question 34

Structure of the colon

Answer 34

Ascending / transverse / descending / sigmoid

Question 35

Gut bacteria

Answer 35

Produce vitamin K and biotin (vitamin B7).

Question 36

Pancreas:

Answer 36

Acinar Cells produce pancreatic juices that contain bicarbonate, pancreatic amylase, pancreatic peptidases, and pancreatic lipase.

Question 37

Liver:

Answer 37

Synthesizes bile, albumin and clotting factors. Process nutrients. Detox: NH3 --> Urea, as well as alcohol & drugs. Liver receives blood from the abdominal portion of digestive tract via Hepatic Portal Vein.

Question 38

Gallbladder

Answer 38

Stores & concentrates bile. CCK stimulates bile release into biliary tree, which merges with pancreatic duct.