Digestive system

Question 1

The four functions of the digestive system

Answer 1

ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.

Question 2

Complex proteins are digested to

Answer 2

amino acids;

Question 3

complicated sugars are reduced to simple sugars

Answer 3

glucose

Question 4

large fat molecules (triglycerides)

Answer 4

are broken down to simpler fatty acids

Question 5

Cells then break down nutrients

Answer 5

in the presence of oxygen to release energy

Question 6

fat molecules

Answer 6

are absorbed into lymphatic vessels

Question 7

elimination

Answer 7

solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 8

tonsils

Answer 8

masses of lymphatic tissue located in depressions of the mucous membranes, lie on both sides of the oropharynx

Question 9

mastication

Answer 9

chewing

Question 10

deglutition

Answer 10

swallowing

Question 11

buccal

Answer 11

surface faces the cheek,

Question 12

labial

Answer 12

surface faces the lips

Question 13

Three pairs of salivary glands

Answer 13

surround and empty into the oral cavity

Question 14

exocrine glands produce

Answer 14

saliva

Question 15

Saliva is released from

Answer 15

parotid gland [1], submandibular gland [2], and sublingual gland [

Question 16

pharynx

Answer 16

throat

Question 17

pharynx

Answer 17

It serves as a passageway both for air traveling from the nose (nasal cavity) to the windpipe (trachea

Question 18

list of throat opening

Answer 18

pharynx
Larynx
trachea
esophagus

Question 19

amyl/o

Answer 19

Enzyme

Question 20

amylase

Answer 20

Enzyme

Question 21

colon

Answer 21

large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments.

Question 22

liver

Answer 22

Large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. The liver secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out red blood cells; and filters out toxins.

Question 23

List three ways in which a patient can become jaundiced:

Answer 23

any liver disease (hepatopathy—such as cirrhosis, hepatoma, or hepatitis), so that bilirubin is not processed into bile and cannot be excreted in feces

b. obstruction of bile flow, so that bile and bilirubin are not excreted and accumulate in the bloodstream
c. excessive hemolysis leading to overproduction of bilirubin and high levels in the bloodstream

Question 24

amylase and lipase tests

Answer 24

Tests for the levels of amylase and lipase enzymes in the blood.

Question 25

liver function tests (LFTs)

Answer 25

Tests for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in blood.

LFTs are performed on blood serum (clear fluid that remains after blood has clotted)

Question 26

stool guaiac test or Hemoccult test

Answer 26

Test to detect occult (hidden) blood in feces.

Question 27

lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema)

Answer 27

X-ray images of the colon and rectum obtained after injection of barium into the rectum.

Question 28

upper gastrointestinal series

Answer 28

X-ray images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine obtained after administering barium by mouth.

Question 29

cholangiography

Answer 29

X-ray examination of the biliary system performed after injection of contrast into the bile ducts.

Question 30

abdominal ultrasonography

Answer 30

Sound waves beamed into the abdomen produce an image of abdominal viscera.

Question 31

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 31

Magnetic waves produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body.

This technique does not use x-rays.

Question 32

HIDA scan

Answer 32

Radioactive imaging procedure that tracks the production and flow of bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine.