Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
stomat
or
A
mouth
2
Q
gloss
lingu
A
tongue
3
Q
bucc
A
cheek
4
Q
cheil
labi
A
lip
5
Q
dent
odont
A
teeth
6
Q
gingiv
A
gums
7
Q
sil
A
saliva or salivary gland
8
Q
esophag
A
esophagus
9
Q
pharyng
A
pharynx
10
Q
gastr
A
stomach
11
Q
pylor
A
pylorus
12
Q
duoden
A
duodenum
13
Q
enter
A
intestine
14
Q
jejun
A
jejunum
15
Q
ile
A
ileum
16
Q
appen
appendic
A
appendix
17
Q
col
colon
A
colon
18
Q
sigmoid
A
sigmoid colon
19
Q
rect
A
rectum
20
Q
proct
A
anus
rectum
21
Q
an
A
anus
22
Q
hepat
A
liver
23
Q
panreat
A
pancreas
24
Q
cholangi
A
bile vessel
25
chol
bile, gall
26
cholecyst
gallbladder
27
choledoch
bile duct
28
emsis
vomit
29
iasis
abnormal
30
megaly
enlargement
31
orexia
appetite
32
pepsia
digestion
33
phagia
swallowing, eating
34
prandial
meal
35
rrhea
discharge, flow
36
dia
through, across
37
peri
around
38
sub
under, below
39
anorexia
lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat
40
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix, usually caused by obstruction or infection
41
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, resulting in chronic liver disease, neoplasm, or inflammatory disorder in the abdomen
42
borborygmus
rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents on the intestine
43
cachexia
physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer
44
cholelithiasis
presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder
45
cirrhosis
scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease
46
crohn disease
form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract, also called regional enteritis
47
dysentery
inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that can be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea
48
flatus
gas in the GI tract, expelling of air from the body orifice, especially the anus
49
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus
50
halitosis
foul-smelling breath
51
hematemesis
vomiting of blood from the bleeding in the stomach or esopphagus
52
hemorrhoids
swollen varicose veins in the anorectal region categorized as external or internal
53
intestinal obstruction
mechanical or functional blockage of the intestines that occurs when the contents on the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal tract because of the partial or complete blockage of the bowel
54
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function for which no organic cause can be determines, also called spastic colon
55
malabsorption syndrome
symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph
56
melena
dark, tarlike feces that contains digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach
57
obesity
excessive accumulation of fat exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight
58
morbid
obesity in which body mass index (BMI)) in greater than 40, and generally 100 lb or more ideal body weight
59
obstipation
severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction
60
oral leukoplakia
formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheeks caused primarily by irritation
61
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
62
pyloric stenosis
stricture or narrowing of the phyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causeing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small instestine
63
regurgitation
a backward flow, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach
64
ulcerative colitis
chromic inflammatory disease of the colon, commonly beginning in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extending upward into the entire colon
65
gastrointestinal endoscopy
visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using a flexible fiberoptic instrument with magnifying lens and light source to identify abnormalities including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumors
66
hepatitis panel
panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus that is causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens
67
liver function test
group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions commonly associated with biliary tract
68
serum bilirubin
measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
69
stool culture
test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a gastrointestinal infection
70
stool guaiac
test that applies a substance called guaiac to stool sample to detect the presence of occult (hidden) blood in the feces, also called hemoccult
71
computed tomography
imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity or transmitted rays from different angles
72
lower gastrointestinal series
radiographic images of the rectum and colon following administration of barium into the rectum, also called lower GI series or barium enema
73
oral chelecystography
radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet
74
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an x-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross-sectional views of soft tissues
75
magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
Special MRI technique that produces detailed images of the hepatobiliary and pancreatic systems, including the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, and pancreatic duct
76
ultrasonography (US)
Test in which high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as “echoes” to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure; also called ultrasound, sonography, and echo
77
abdominal
Ultrasound visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder
78
endoscopic
Combination of endoscopy and ultrasound that examines and obtains images of the digestive tract and the surrounding tissues and organs
79
upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS)
Radiographic images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium; also called barium swallow
80
anastomosis
Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
81
ileorectal
Surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy, as is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
82
intestinal
Surgical connection of two portions of the intestines
83
appendectomy
Excision of a diseased appendix using an open or laparoscopic procedure
84
open
Excision of a diseased appendix through a 2” to 3” incision in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen
85
laparoscopic
Minimally invasive appendectomy using three small abdominal incisions while monitoring an enlarged image of the surgical site projected on a monitor
86
bariatric surgery
Group of procedures that treat morbid obesity, a condition that arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the resultant health problems
87
vertical banded gastroplasty
Bariatric surgery that involves vertical stapling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and insertion of a band that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness
88
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Bariatric surgery that involves vertical stapling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and insertion of a band that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness
89
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)
Bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to decrease its size and then shortening the jejunum and connecting it to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing absorption of calories and fats; also called gastric bypass with gastroenterostomy
90
colostomy
Surgical procedure in which a surgeon forms an opening (stoma) by drawing the healthy end of the colon through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall and suturing it into place
91
lithotripsy
Procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves
92
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
Use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts
93
paracentesis
Procedure to remove fluid from the abdomen using a long, thin needle inserted through the belly; also called abdominocentesis
94
polypectomy
Excision of a polyp
95
nasogastric intubation
Insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, food, or gastric secretions; instill medication, food, or fluids; or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis
96
antacids
Counteract or neutralize acidity, usually in the stomach
97
antidiarrheals
Control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract
98
antiemetics
Control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain
99
antispasmodics
Decrease gastrointestinal (GI) spasms by slowing peristalsis and motility throughout the GI tract
100
histamine-2 (H2) blockers
Inhibit secretion of stomach acid from the gastric cells by blocking the H2
101
laxatives
Treat constipation by increasing peristaltic activity in the large intestine or increasing water and electrolyte secretion into the bowel to induce defecation
102
proton pump inhibitors
Suppress basal and stimulated acid production by inhibiting the acid pump in the gastric cells
103
AIDS
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
104
BA
BArium
105
BaE, BE
barium enema
106
BM
bowel movenment
107
MBI
body mass
108
CT
computed tomography
109
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
110
ESWL
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
111
EUS
endoscopic ultrasonography (x-ray studies)
112
GBS
gallbladder series
113
GER
gastroesophageal reflux
114
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
115
OCG
oral cholecystography
116
PE
physical examination; pulmonary embolism; pressure-equalizing (tube)
117
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
118
R/O
rule out
119
GI
gastrointestinal
120
HAV
hepatitis A virus
121
HBV
hepatitis B virus
122
HCV
hepatitis C virus
123
HDV
hepatitis D virus
124
HEV
hepatitis E virus
125
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
126
LFT
liver function test
127
LUQ
left upper quadrant
128
MRCP
magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
129
NG
nasogastric
130
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
131
RGB
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
132
RUQ
right upper quadrant
133
UGIS
upper gastrointestinal series
134
US
ultrasound; ultrasonography
