Digestive system

Question 1

Digestion

Answer 1

Breakdown of food into small soluble pieces so nutrients can enter cells and provide energy

Question 2

Types of digestion

Answer 2

Physical - teeth
Chemical - Enzymes

Question 3

Teeth types

Answer 3

Incisor, canine, premolar, molar

Question 4

Function of incisor

Answer 4

cut and bite

Question 5

Function of canine

Answer 5

tear

Question 6

Function of premolar and molar

Answer 6

Grind

Question 7

Dental formula

Answer 7

2 (I 2/2, C1/1, PM 2/2, M 3/3)

Question 8

Total teeth

Answer 8

32

Question 9

Functions of mouth (3)

Answer 9

Teeth chew and break down food
Saliva wets food
Amylase breaks starch down to maltose

Question 10

Functions of oespohagus

Answer 10

Peristalsis - muscular wave moves contents along
Carries food to stomach

Question 11

Functions of stomach (3)

Answer 11

Contracts to help churn and digest food
Contains enzyme pepsin to digest protein
HCL kills bacteria

Question 12

Define stomach

Answer 12

Muscular bag which holds and digests food

Question 13

Functions of liver (4)

Answer 13

Makes bile, which is then stored in gallbladder
Sorts and stores nutrients, vitamins and minerals
Detoxifies body (alcohol/drugs)
Makes proteins used for blood clotting

Question 14

Functions of pancreas

Answer 14

Makes amylase which digests starch into maltose
Makes lipase which digests lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
Best pH is 7-9

Question 15

What has happened by the end of the duodenum (chemically)

Answer 15

Starch - Maltose
Lipids - Fatty acids and glycerol
Protein - Amino acids

Question 16

Ileum functions (3)

Answer 16

Contains many villi which increase surface area of absorption
Amino acids and glucose absorbed into blood capillaries and taken into liver
Fatty acids and glycerol enter in lacteals, transported in lymph, and returned to bloodstream

Question 17

Large intestine functions (4)

Answer 17

Reabsorb H20 from waste, forming faeces
Symbiotic bacteria makes vitamins and digests cellulose
Prevents growth of disease causing organisms
Fibre stimulates peristalsis here

Question 18

Rectum and anus functions

Answer 18

Rectum - stores fecal matter
Anus - where waste leaves body

Question 19

Adaptations of villi

Answer 19

Rich blood supply
Highly folded - large surface area for diffusion of nutrients
One cell thick - aids diffusion of nutrients

Question 20

Bile functions

Answer 20

Bile emulsifies fat into fat droplets
Bile salts neutralise acidic chime

Question 21

Effect of bile salts on lipid digestion

Answer 21

Bile salts and lipase increase rate of lipid digestion compared to using lipase alone

Question 22

What does lipase digest

Answer 22

Lipids - fatty acids and glycerol

Question 23

What does amylase digest

Answer 23

Starch - maltose

Question 24

What does pepsin digest

Answer 24

Protein- amino acids

Question 25

Role of symbiotic bacteria

Answer 25

Produces vitamins and digests cellulose

Question 26

At what location does lipase digest lipids

Answer 26

Duodenum

Question 27

Optimum pH for digesting lipids

Answer 27

7-9 in Ileum

Question 28

Structure that absorbs products of lipid digestion

Answer 28

Lacteal

Question 29

Where does deanimation occur

Answer 29

Liver

Question 30

Organs connected by hepatic portal vein

Answer 30

Intestine to liver

Question 31

Substances stored in liver

Answer 31

Vitamin A, copper, iron

Question 32

Benefits of dietary fibre (2)

Answer 32

Normalise bowel movements to prevent constipation Aid in weight management

Question 33

Parts of digestive system in order (13)

Answer 33

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, ileum, colon, caecum, appendix, rectum, anus

Question 34

Stages of digestive system (4)

Answer 34

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, egestion

Question 35

Functions of peristalsis

Answer 35

Mechanical breakdown of food, movement of food

Question 36

Function of epiglottis

Answer 36

Prevent food entering trachea

Question 37

Function of HCL

Answer 37

Provides pH 1 acidic environment to activate pepsin