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Module 100 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption

A

Passage of materials through villi into blood

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2
Q

Amino acid

A

Small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested

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3
Q

Amylase

A

Enzyme that digests starch

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4
Q

Anorexia

A

Lack or loss of appetite

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5
Q

Bile

A

Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

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6
Q

Bilirubin

A

Pigment released by the liver in bile

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7
Q

Buccal

A

Pertaining to the cheek

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8
Q

Cec/o

A

Combining form for the first part of the large intestine

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9
Q

Cecum

A

First part of the large intestine (colon)

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10
Q

Celi/o

A

The abdomen

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11
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Removal (excision, resection) of the gallbladder

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12
Q

Cholecystitis

A

A condition characterized by the inflammation of the gallbladder

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13
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic liver disease resulting from alcoholism and malnutrition

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14
Q

Colon

A

Large intestine

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15
Q

Colostomy

A

New opening from the large bowel to the surface of the body

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16
Q

Defecation

A

Removal of waste material from the body

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17
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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18
Q

Diverticula

A

Abnormal side pockets in a hollow organ, such as the intestine

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19
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine

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20
Q

Dysentery

A

Painful inflammation of intestines often caused by bacterial infection

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21
Q

Dysphasia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

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22
Q

Emulsification

A

Process of breaking up large fat globules

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23
Q

Enamel

A

Hard, outermost layer of a tooth

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24
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach

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25
Fatty acids
Substances produced when fats are digested
26
Feces
Solid wastes; stools
27
Gallbladder
Small sac under the liver; stores bile
28
Gingivitis
Inflammation of gums
29
Gloss/o
Tongue
30
Glucose
Simple sugar; necessary as a source of energy for body cells
31
Glycogen
Starch; stored sugar
32
Hemorrhoids
Swollen, twisted veins in the rectal region
33
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by type A,B, or C virus
34
Hepatomegaly
Enlarged liver
35
Hydrochloric acid
Chemical produced by the stomach to aid digestion
36
Etiology
Study of the cause of disease
37
Incisor
One of the four front teeth
38
Insulin
Hormone produced by the pancreas
39
Ileum
Third part of the small intestine
40
Ileus
Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
41
Intussusception
Telescoping of the intestine
42
Irritable bowel syndrome
Group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress, but without inflammation of the intestines
43
Jaundice
Yellow coloration of the skin
44
Lapar/o
Abdomen, abdominal wall
45
Leukoplakia
Lesions in the mouth that present as thickened, white patches that cannot be rubbed off
46
Lingu/o
Pertaining to the tongue
47
Lipase
Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
48
Mastication
Chewing
49
Melena
Black, tarry stools; feces containing blood
50
Or/o
Mouth
51
Palate
Roof of the mouth
52
Pancreas
Organ under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes
53
Papillae
Small elevations on the surface of the tongue; contains taste buds
54
Parotid gland
Secretes enzymes into the mouth
55
Peptic ulcer
Sore or lesion of the mucous membrane in the stomach or duodenum
56
Peristalsis
Muscular wave-like movement to transport food through the digestive system
57
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum
58
Pharynx
Throat
59
Portal vein
Blood vessel bringing blood to the liver
60
Postprandial
After mealtime
61
Protease
Enzyme that digests proteins
62
Pulp
Part of the tooth that contains a rich supply of nerves and blood vessels
63
Regurgitation
Backward flowing, ex. Vomiting
64
Rugae
Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
65
Sphincter
Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
66
Stomat/o
Mouth
67
Stomatitis
Any inflammation of the lining of any of the soft-tissue structures of the mouth
68
Triglycerides
Large fat molecules
69
Ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation of the large bowel with ulcers
70
Ulcers
A lesion that is eroding away the skin or mucous membrane
71
Uvula
Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate, at the back of the mouth
72
Villi
Microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine
73
Volvulus
Twisting of the intestine

Module 100 (11 decks)

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