Digestive System

Question 1

Four Principal Layers of the GI tract:

Answer 1

Mucosa/mucous membrane

Submucosa

Muscularis / Muscularis externa

Serosa

Question 2

Mucosa/mucous membrane

Answer 2

muscularis mucosa

Question 3

Submucosa

Answer 3

ubmucosal nerve plexus / meissner’s nerve plexus

Question 4

Muscularis / Muscularis externa

Answer 4

myenteric nerve plexus / auerbach’s nerve plexus

Question 5

Serosa

Answer 5

mesothelium

Question 5

columnar all over,
except in the esophagus
and the lower part of
anal canal where it is
stratified squamous.

Answer 5

EPITHELIUM

Question 6

• Made up of collagen and reticular fibers.
• contain blood capillaries, lymph vessels and nerves
• In SI, the core of villus is attached to the lamina propria.
• Prominent aggregation of lymphatic tissue is seen in Lamina propria

Answer 6

LAMINA PROPRIA

Question 6

At numerous places
epithelium dips into the
Lamina propria and form
crypts (Simple tubular glands).

Answer 6

Crypts

Question 7

• Contraction of Muscularis
  Mucosa is important for the local
  mixing of intestinal contents
• It changes the shape of mucosa,
  that helps in absorption and
  secretion

Answer 7

MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE

Question 8

2 LAYER OF MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE

Answer 8

Inner layer
Outer layer

Question 8

MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE
Inner layer _____
Outer layer _____

Answer 8

Circular
Longitudinal

Question 9

The Digestive System
7 Digestive Tract

Answer 9

 Oral cavity
 Mouth
 Esophagus
 Stomach
 Small Intestine
 Large Intestine
 Rectum
 Anus

Question 9

The Digestive System 4 Glands of the Digestive
system

Answer 9

 Salivary Glands
 Liver Glands
 Pancreas
 Gall bladder

Question 10

A mass of striated muscle covered by
mucous membrane whose structure varies according
to the region

Answer 10

Tongue

Question 11

4 types of papillae

Answer 11

1. Filiform papillae
2. Fungiform papillae
3. Foliate papillae
4. Circumvallate papillae

Question 12

is both exocrine and endocrine organ that digest
food and secrete hormones; its main function is to continue
the digestion of CHO initiated in the mouth.

Answer 12

Stomach

Question 12

32 permanent teeth

Answer 12

( 2 incisor; 1 canine; 2 premolars and
3 molars/quadrant); 20 deciduous teeth;

Question 13

3 parts of the stomach

Answer 13

1. Cardia
2. Fundus/ Body
3. Pylorus

Question 14

• Epithelial lining at
  the cardio-esophageal
  junction
• changes from
  stratified sq. to
  simple columnar
• Mucous surface cells
  and cardiac glands

Answer 14

Mucosa

Question 15

Consists of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and Meissner’s
plexus.

Answer 15

SUBMUCOSA

Question 16

3 Muscularis externa

Answer 16

Inner – Oblique
Middle – circular
Outer – longitudinal

Question 17

Outermost layers of the stomach which consists of loose
connective tissue

Answer 17

Serosa

Question 18

Inner –
Middle –
Outer –

Answer 18

Oblique
circular
longitudinal

Question 19

Lining Epithelium –
Simple columnar,
invaginates to various
extents into the lamina
propria, forming _____

Answer 19

gastric
pits.

Question 20

Secretes HCL and intrinsic factor

Answer 20

Parietal or oxyntic cells

Question 21

Secrete pepsinogen which is converted into pepsin in an acid environment

Answer 21

Chief or zymogenic cells

Question 21

Produces soluble mucus

Answer 21

Mucous neck cells

Question 22

is the site of terminal food digestion, metabolic absorption and endocrine secretion.

Answer 22

 Small intestines

Question 22

Small tubular fundic/gastric glands are present.

Answer 22

Lamina Propria

Question 23

: Secretes serotonin, histamine and gastrin

Answer 23

Enteroendocrine and APUD cells

Question 24

3 segments of Small intestines

Answer 24

enum; Jejunum;Ileum

Question 25

Small Intestines 3 Mucous membrane

Answer 25

1. Plicae Circulares/Kerckring’s Valve 2. Intestinal villi 3. Glands of Lieberkuhn/ crypts/ intestinal glands

Question 26

4 Cells found in the small intestines

Answer 26

1. Absorptive cells (Enterocytes) 2. Goblet cells 3. Paneth cells 4. M cells/ membranous epithelial cells

Question 27

rich in lymphoid cells and nodules

Answer 27

Lamina propia –

Question 28

longitudinal and circular strands

Answer 28

Muscularis

Question 29

–small pendolous protuberances composed of adipose tissues in the serous layer of the intraperitoneal part of large intestines

Answer 29

Appendices epiplocae

Question 29

3 thick longitudinal bands of the outer layer

Answer 29

Taenia coli

Question 30

series of longitudinal folds in the mucous membrane of the anal region

Answer 30

Rectal columns of Morgagni

Question 31

Anal Canal 3 Epithelium

Answer 31

upper part-simple columnar middle part-stratified squamous non-keratinized lower part-covered by true skin

Question 32

Small mucosal folds between the anal columns ____

Answer 32

-Pectinate line.

Question 32

upper part- middle part- lower part-

Answer 32

simple columnar stratified squamous non-keratinized covered by true skin

Question 33

Muscularis externa- circular muscle forms involuntary _________

Answer 33

internal anal sphincter.

Question 34

*Produce digestive enzymes that acts in the small intestines *Secretes hormones insulin and glucagon into the blood stream

Answer 34

Pancreas

Question 34

*Absorbs water from the bile and stores the bile in concentrated form

Answer 34

Gall bladder

Question 34

*Wet and lubricate the oral cavity and its contents *Initiates digestion of CHO *Secrete substances such as IgA, lysozymes and lactoferrin

Answer 34

Saliva ry Glands

Question 35

*Produce bile – digestion of fat *Plays a role in the lipid, CHO and CHON metabolism *Inactivates and metabolizes many toxic substances and drugs *Iron metabolism *Synthesis of blood protein and factors necessary for blood coagulation

Answer 35

Liver Glands