DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Question 1

What is the term for the process of breaking down large food particles into smaller ones using enzymes?

Answer 1

Chemical digestion

Question 2

Identify the part of the digestive tract where most nutrients are absorbed

Answer 2

Small intestine

Question 3

Name the largest internal organ of the body that plays a crucial role in metabolism and bile production

Answer 3

Liver

Question 4

What are the fingerlike projections in the small intestine that increase its surface area for absorption called?

Answer 4

Villi

Question 5

Which digestive organ is responsible for water absorption and feces formation?

Answer 5

Large intestine

Question 6

What is the name of the enzyme in saliva that begins the digestion of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

Salivary amylase

Question 7

Identify the three major parts of the small intestine.

Answer 7

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 8

What is the term for rhythmic contractions that move food along the digestive tract?

Answer 8

Peristalsis

Question 9

What is the protective mechanism called that expels toxic substances from the stomach?

Answer 9

Vomiting

Question 10

What is the term for the removal of undigested materials and waste products from the body as feces?

Answer 10

Elimination

Question 11

Which layer of the digestive tract is responsible for absorption and contains the villi?

Answer 11

Mucosa

Question 12

What is the name of the small, sac-like structure attached to the cecum?

Answer 12

Appendix

Question 13

What is the term for the enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach?

Answer 13

Pepsin

Question 14

Which structure in the liver collects bile and transports it to the gallbladder?

Answer 14

Hepatic ducts

Question 15

What are the muscular waves that mix food with stomach secretions called?

Answer 15

Mixing waves

Question 16

Identify the valve that prevents the backflow of contents from the large intestine into the small intestine.

Answer 16

Ileocecal valve

Question 17

What substance produced by the stomach is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12?

Answer 17

Intrinsic factor

Question 18

What is the name of the hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chyme?

Answer 18

Secretin

Question 19

Which glands produce a mixture of serous and mucous fluids in the mouth?

Answer 19

Salivary glands

Question 20

What is the role of bile salts in digestion

Answer 20

Emulsification of fats

Question 21

Name the three phases of stomach secretion regulation.

Answer 21

Cephalic, gastric, intestinal

Question 22

What is the name of the network of nerves that controls movement and secretion in the digestive tract?

Answer 22

Enteric nervous system

Question 23

Which part of the digestive system contains Peyer patches to protect against harmful pathogens?

Answer 23

Ileum

Question 24

Identify the substance in bile responsible for its greenish-yellow color and its role in excretion.

Answer 24

Bilirubin

Question 25

What is the name of the connective tissue sheets that hold abdominal organs in place and provide a route for blood vessels and nerves?

Answer 25

Mesenteries

Question 26

Which part of the stomach connects to the small intestine?

Answer 26

Pyloric part

Question 27

What is the name of the valve that regulates the passage of food from the stomach into the small intestine?

Answer 27

Pyloric sphincter

Question 28

Which organ produces enzymes like trypsin and lipase for digestion?

Answer 28

Pancreas

Question 29

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 29

Stores and concentrates bile

Question 30

Identify the primary function of the large intestine

Answer 30

Absorption of water and formation of feces

Question 31

Which part of the digestive system is lined with stratified squamous epithelium to protect against abrasion?

Answer 31

Esophagus

Question 32

What is the term for the folds in the stomach lining that allow it to expand?

Answer 32

Rugae

Question 33

Which substance, secreted by goblet cells, protects the digestive lining?

Answer 33

Mucus

Question 34

Name the sphincter located at the junction of the esophagus and stomach.

Answer 34

Lower esophageal sphincter (or cardiac sphincter)

Question 35

Which type of epithelial cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?

Answer 35

Parietal cells

Question 36

What is the name of the process by which food molecules are transported into the blood or lymph from the digestive tract?

Answer 36

Absorption

Question 37

What is the term for the mixture of partially digested food and stomach secretions?

Answer 37

Chyme

Question 38

Identify the three parts of the pharynx involved in digestion.

Answer 38

Oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 39

Which enzyme continues carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?

Answer 39

Pancreatic amylase

Question 40

What is the primary role of the jejunum?

Answer 40

Nutrient absorption

Question 41

Which accessory gland is responsible for producing saliva?

Answer 41

Salivary glands

Question 42

What is the term for the contraction of the abdominal muscles to increase pressure during defecation?

Answer 42

Straining

Question 43

What is the process of consuming solid or liquid food called?

Answer 43

Ingestion

Question 44

What is the term for the chewing process that breaks down food into smaller pieces?

Answer 44

Mastication

Question 45

What is the name of the process that moves food from one end of the digestive tract to the other?

Answer 45

Propulsion

Question 46

What is the movement of food back and forth in the digestive tract to mix it with secretions called?

Answer 46

Mixing

Question 47

What is the breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller molecules through mechanical and chemical means?

Answer 47

Digestion

Question 48

What is the addition of liquids, enzymes, and mucus to food during digestion called?

Answer 48

Secretion

Question 49

What is the movement of nutrients from the digestive tract into the blood or lymph called?

Answer 49

Absorption

Question 50

What is the term for the removal of undigested material and waste products as feces?

Answer 50

Elimination

Question 51

Which layer of the digestive tract is the innermost and responsible for secretion and absorption?

Answer 51

Mucosa

Question 52

What layer lies just outside the mucosa and contains nerves, blood vessels, and glands?

Answer 52

Submucosa

Question 53

What is the layer of the digestive tract that consists of smooth muscle and is responsible for movement?

Answer 53

Muscularis

Question 54

What is the outermost layer of the digestive tract that protects and connects it to surrounding structures?

Answer 54

Serosa

Question 55

What is the name of the smooth epithelial layer that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 55

Peritoneum

Question 56

What is the specific name for the serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs?

Answer 56

Visceral peritoneum

Question 57

What is the connective tissue layer called that is not covered by peritoneum?

Answer 57

Adventitia

Question 58

What are the connective tissue sheets that provide a route for blood vessels and nerves in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 58

Mesenteries

Question 59

What is the largest salivary gland located just anterior to the ears?

Answer 59

Parotid gland

Question 60

What is the name of the digestive enzyme in saliva that begins the breakdown of starch?

Answer 60

Salivary amylase

Question 61

What is the name of the muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach?

Answer 61

Esophagus

Question 62

What is the term for the rhythmic contractions of the esophagus that move food to the stomach?

Answer 62

Peristalsis

Question 63

What is the name of the thick folds in the stomach lining that allow it to expand?

Answer 63

Rugae

Question 64

Which cells in the stomach produce hydrochloric acid?

Answer 64

Parietal cells

Question 65

What is the semiliquid mixture of food and stomach secretions called?

Answer 65

Chyme

Question 66

What is the name of the hormone released by the duodenum to stimulate bile secretion?

Answer 66

Secretin

Question 67

Which part of the small intestine is the shortest and directly receives chyme from the stomach?

Answer 67

Duodenum

Question 68

What are the even smaller extensions on the surface of villi that further increase surface area?

Answer 68

Microvilli

Question 69

What are the folds in the small intestine’s mucosa and submucosa that enhance nutrient absorption?

Answer 69

Circular folds

Question 70

Which part of the digestive system absorbs water and forms feces?

Answer 70

Large intestine

Question 71

What is the name of the small pouch-like structure at the beginning of the large intestine?

Answer 71

Cecum

Question 72

What is the final part of the large intestine where feces are stored before elimination?

Answer 72

Rectum

Question 73

What is the term for the process of removing feces from the body?

Answer 73

Defecation

Question 74

What are the lymphatic nodules in the ileum that help protect against pathogens called?

Answer 74

Peyer patches

Question 75

What is the protective lining in the stomach that prevents damage from acidic gastric secretions?

Answer 75

Mucus

Question 76

Which cells in the stomach produce pepsinogen, the precursor to pepsin?

Answer 76

Chief cells

Question 77

What is the name of the structure that prevents food from entering the larynx during swallowing?

Answer 77

Epiglottis

Question 78

What is the term for the wave-like muscle contractions that propel food through the digestive tract?

Answer 78

Peristalsis

Question 79

What is the name of the digestive enzyme that breaks down starch into disaccharides?

Answer 79

Amylase

Question 80

What is the mixture of partially digested food and digestive juices in the stomach called?

Answer 80

Chyme

Question 81

Which accessory organ produces bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chyme?

Answer 81

Pancreas

Question 82

What is the name of the circular muscle at the junction of the small intestine and large intestine?

Answer 82

Ileocecal sphincter

Question 83

What is the name of the layer of the stomach that folds to form rugae when empty?

Answer 83

Mucosa

Question 84

What are the blood capillaries in the villi of the small intestine that transport absorbed nutrients called?

Answer 84

Lacteals

Question 85

What is the enzyme produced by the pancreas that digests proteins?

Answer 85

Trypsin

Question 86

What are the clusters of alveoli-like structures in salivary glands that produce saliva?

Answer 86

Acini

Question 87

What type of cells in the small intestine secrete mucus for lubrication and protection?

Answer 87

Goblet cells

Question 88

What is the name of the epithelial cells in the small intestine that produce digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients?

Answer 88

Absorptive cells