Digestive System

Question 1

What are Gall Stones?

Answer 1

Deposits of Chlosterol produced in the gall bladder

Question 2

What are the 4 stages food is processed in?

Answer 2

Indigestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination

Question 3

What are the 3 digestive enzymes the pancreas produces?

Answer 3

Amylase, Trypsin, and Lipase

Question 4

What do Amylase and Lipase do?

Answer 4

Amylase breaks down complete carbs into sugar. Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and monoglycerides

Question 5

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 5

Chemical breakdown of nutrients through the action of enzymes and other substances

Question 6

What is a complex carb?

Answer 6

A long carbohydrate molecule formed by chains of sugar

Question 7

Name 3 examples of complex carbs

Answer 7

Starch, Glycogen, and Cellulose

Question 8

What is digestion?

Answer 8

The breakdown of food into simpler components that can be absorbed and used by the body

Question 9

What structure is positioned between the oral cavity and the esophagus?

Answer 9

The pharynx

Question 10

What happens when the epiglottis does not close properly when someone is eating?

Answer 10

The food enters the trachea

Question 11

What flap of elastic cartilage, if dysfunctional, could potentially lead to difficulty swallowing?

Answer 11

The epiglottis

Question 12

Why is mastication a useful precursor to the later chemical digestion of food?

Answer 12

Mastication, or chewing, provides an increase in the surface area available for digestion.

Question 13

What is absorption?

Answer 13

The process by which molecules are taken up from the digestive tract into the cells.

Question 14

The upper portion of the esophagus is composed of what type of muscle?

Answer 14

The striated muscle

Question 15

What term describes the coordinated muscular action that helps food pass through the digestive tract?

Answer 15

Peristalsis

Question 16

What are the key structural characteristics of the stomach?

Answer 16

It secretes hydrochloric acid that facilitates the activity of certain enzymes.

Question 17

Chyme is a product of which type(s) of digestion?

Answer 17

Both mechanical and chemical digestion act together to produce chyme.

Question 18

What compounds do chief cells and parietal cells secrete into the stomach?

Answer 18

Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, while parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor.

Question 19

How does the stomach’s mucous membrane work to protect the stomach?

Answer 19

The mucous membrane produces mucus, an alkaline covering that protects the stomach from gastric acid

Question 20

Through which structure does food leave the stomach when it passes into the duodenum?

Answer 20

Food passes through the pyloric sphincter.

Question 21

What is chyme?

Answer 21

A thick liquid of partially digested food produced by the stomach

Question 22

What is an enzyme?

Answer 22

A molecule which catalyzes a chemical reaction

Question 23

What is bile?

Answer 23

A fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the gall bladder.

Question 24

What part of the GI tract has villi?

Answer 24

The small intestine

Question 25

Name two basic functions of the digestive system

Answer 25

Breaking down food and absorbing nutrients

Question 26

What is an amino acid?

Answer 26

An organic molecule containing a carboxyl and an amino group

Question 27

Which of the large organs allow nutrients and water to pass through their walls?

Answer 27

Duodenum

Question 28

Which of the small organs transport absorbed nutrients to the bloodstream?

Answer 28

Capillaries

Question 29

What organ absorbs water and vitamin K from digested food?

Answer 29

Large intestine

Question 30

What organ produces enzymes that break down nutrients?

Answer 30

Pancreas

Question 31

What cell produces HCl?

Answer 31

Parietal cells

Question 32

What cell produces pepsin, which breaks down proteins?

Answer 32

Chief cells

Question 33

How does the gall bladder affect fat digestion?

Answer 33

It breaks down large fat globules into smaller particles using bile

Question 34

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 34

Physical breakdown of food such as churning in the stomach

Question 35

What is villus?

Answer 35

Tiny finger-like projection in the wall of the small intestine

Question 36

What is a monoglyceride?

Answer 36

A molecule that consists of a fatty acid attached to the glycerol backbone

Question 37

Where is the duodenum located?

Answer 37

Between the stomach and jejunum

Question 38

What are the 3 small intestines? Where are they located?

Answer 38

Duodenum - located between the stomach and jejunum Jejunum - Between the duodenum and Ileum Ileum - The last part of the small intestine

Question 39

What is the stomach and esophagus separated by?

Answer 39

A sphincter

Question 40

How is Gastric Acid produced?

Answer 40

By smelling or seeing food, and the stretching of the stomach

Question 41

What is inside the mucosa?

Answer 41

Rugae that allows the stomach to enlarge when food is consumed

Question 42

What does gastric juice consist of?

Answer 42

Pepsin, Hydrochloric Acid, Lipase, and Intrinsic Factor

Question 43

What is Intrisic Factor produced by?

Answer 43

Gastric Glands

Question 44

What does a vitamin need to do to be absorbed by the small intestine?

Answer 44

It must combine with intrinsic factor

Question 45

When too much water is absorbed from the large intestine, does diarrhea occur or constipation?

Answer 45

Constipation

Question 46

Which systems interact with the digestive system while food is in the stomach?

Answer 46

Musculoskeletal & Nervous

Question 47

When not enough water is absorbed from the large intestine, what occurs?

Answer 47

Diarrhea

Question 48

What is the main site of food absorption? Where is the gall bladder located?

Answer 48

The main site of food absorption is the small intestine. The gall bladder is located behind the liver

Question 49

Which part of the digestive system tract receives pancreatic juice? What does deficiency of Vitamin C result in?

Answer 49

The duodenum receives pancreatic juice. Deficiency of Vitamin C results in gum bleeding.

Question 50

When a person has lactose intolerance, what produces the gas? What are symptoms of large gallstones?

Answer 50

The stomach lining produces the gas. Upper abdominal pain, fever, and yellow skin.

Question 51

What is the ring-like muscular structure that controls how food enters the stomach from the esophagus called?

Answer 51

A sphincter

Question 52

What helps the large intestine reduce indigestible food materials to feces through absorption?

Answer 52

Water and Acids

Question 53

Billions of helpful ____ in the colon break down undigested material.

Answer 53

Bacteria

Question 54

What is the organ that might need to be surgically removed to remove gallstones?

Answer 54

The gall bladder

Question 55

In the stomach, what do cells produce to aid in digestion?

Answer 55

Acids and Enzymes