Digestive System

Question 1

What is motility

Answer 1

Capability of the GI tract to mix and move material along its length

Question 2

(Mechanical/Chemical) digestion is the cutting and grinding of food before being swallowed, and then the churning of the food by stomach and intestines

Answer 2

Mechanical Digestion

Question 3

(Mechanical/Chemical) digestion is when the main nutrient are being split into smaller molecules by process of hydrolysis with digestive enzymes for the purpose of absorption

Answer 3

Chemical Digestion

Question 4

Where do absorbed substances from the lumen of the GI tract pass into and circulate to cells throughout the body?

Answer 4

blood or lymph

Question 5

Undigested substances, wastes and bacteria are some products that leave the body thorugh the process of?

Answer 5

Defecation

Question 6

Where does the digestion of carbohydrates begin in?

Answer 6

Mouth

Question 7

Where does the digestion of proteins and fats begin in?

Answer 7

Stomach

Question 8

The completion of Chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats occur where

Answer 8

Small intestine - due to the combined actions of pancreatic juice, bile, and intestinal juice

Question 9

What is present on the plasma membrane of microvilli to help with digestion and absorption?

Answer 9

Brush-Border enzyme

Question 10

Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleotides are the nutrients digested where?

Answer 10

Intestine

Question 11

A strong, peristaltic wave which begins at the middle of the transverse colon and quickly drives the contents of the colon into the rectum is called?

Answer 11

Mass Peristalsis

Question 12

What assists with further digestion of chime entering the large intestine?

Answer 12

Bacterial Activity

Question 13

Which vitamins are absorbed in the colon?

Answer 13

Vitamin B, Vitamin K

Question 14

What are absorbed from the large intestines?

Answer 14

Ions

Question 15

Chime that has had most of the water absorbed becomes?

Answer 15

Feces

Question 16

In response to distention of the rectal wall, receptors send sensory nerve impulses to?

Answer 16

Sacral Spinal Cord

Question 17

Motor responses are through the sympathetic/parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 17

parasympathetic

Question 18

What is Defecation?

Answer 18

The act of fecal matter expulsion; also known as having a bowel movement

Question 19

Products of protein digestion, such as ammonia; medication such as sulfa drugs or penicillin; and steroid hormones are all chemicals that are detoxified by?

Answer 19

Liver

Question 20

The liver can convert excess glucose to?

Answer 20

Glycogen and Fats

Question 21

Bile secreted from the liver is composed largely of the pigment named – which is a breakdown product of – cells. Excessive amounts of this pigment give a skin yellowish colour, a condition known as –.

Answer 21

Bilirubin, red blood, Jaundice

Question 22

2 functions of bile are – of fats and – of fats. One of the breakdown products of bilirubin, namely – gives feces the normal brown colour.

Answer 22

Emulsification, absorption, stercobilin

Question 23

What stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the small intestine

Answer 23

Gallbladder

Question 24

The gallbladder releases the bile into the duodenum through the?

Answer 24

Cystic duct

Question 25

The 2 hormones which cause release of bile into the duodenum are?

Answer 25

Cholecystokinin and Secretin

Question 26

Where is gastrin secreted?

Answer 26

Stomach

Question 27

The pancreas lies -- to the stomach - posterior, anterior, medial, superior

Answer 27

Posterior

Question 28

The pancreas is shaped like a fish, with its head in the curve of the -- and its tail nudging up next to the --

Answer 28

Duodenum, spleen

Question 29

The pancreas contains 2 kinds of glands. 99% of its cells produce -- secretion. One type of these secretions is -- fluid to neutralize the chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach

Answer 29

Exocrine, Alkaline

Question 30

One enzyme in the pancreatic secretions is TRYPSIN; it digests --. Trypsin is formed initially in the inactive form (trypsinogen) and is activated by --?

Answer 30

proteins, enterokinase

Question 31

Amylase digests -- including starch

Answer 31

Carbohydrates

Question 32

Lipase digests --

Answer 32

Lipids

Question 33

All exocrine secretions of the pancreas empty into the accessory pancreatic duct and pancreatic duct. These empty into?

Answer 33

Duodenum

Question 34

This portion of the peritoneum is largely responsible for carrying blood and lymph vessels to the intestines

Answer 34

Greater omentum

Question 35

Why do emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion?

Answer 35

They stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract

Question 36

How long can food stay in the fundus before being mixed with gastric juices?

Answer 36

30 minutes

Question 37

Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts to produce smaller peptides from proteins? - chymotrypsin, amylase, pepsin, phosphatase, nucleosidase

Answer 37

Chymotrypsin

Question 38

Which cells secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase?

Answer 38

Chief cells

Question 39

Which cell secretes mucus?

Answer 39

Surface mucous cell, Mucous neck cell

Question 40

Which cell secretes hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

Answer 40

Parietal cell

Question 41

Which cell secretes the hormone gastrin?

Answer 41

G cell

Question 42

Which accessory organs produce a fluid to soften food?

Answer 42

Salivary glands

Question 43

This digestive aid, produced by the stomach, begins digestion by denaturing proteins

Answer 43

Hydrochloric acid

Question 44

What is the heaviest gland of the body?

Answer 44

Liver

Question 45

Which of the following contains skeletal muscle? - UES, LES, Serosa, Submucosa, Periodontal ligament

Answer 45

UES

Question 46

This layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa to the muscularis

Answer 46

Submucosa

Question 47

This plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis

Answer 47

Myenteric Plexus

Question 48

What is the primary function of the mouth? - ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, absorption

Answer 48

Ingestion

Question 49

What pancreatic enzyme acts to produce monosaccharides?

Answer 49

Amylase

Question 50

This structure of the stomach allows greater distension for food storage - cardia, fundus, pylorus, rugae, sphincter

Answer 50

Rugae

Question 51

This layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels

Answer 51

Lamina propria

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? - conversion of carbohydrates, protein metabolism, storage of bilirubin, phagocytosis, storage of vitamins

Answer 52

Storage of bilirubin - instead it processes bilirubin

Question 53

What processes is the function of the smooth muscle layer of the digestive system?

Answer 53

Mixing and propulsion

Question 54

Which small intestine cells secrete lysosome

Answer 54

Paneth cells

Question 55

This hormone is stimulated by a high levels of dietary fat in the small intestine

Answer 55

Cholecystokinin

Question 56

This hormone functions to counteract the effect of gastric acid in the small intestine

Answer 56

Secretin

Question 57

How many stages of deglutition are there? What are they?

Answer 57

3 - oral stage, pharyngeal stage, esophageal stage

Question 58

This is found on the liver and is a remnant of the umbilical cord in a fetus

Answer 58

Round ligament

Question 59

This major duct carries a fluid rich in bicarbonate ions

Answer 59

Pancreatic duct

Question 60

These are composed of prominent lymphatic nodules that function in the immune response

Answer 60

MALT

Question 61

Which of the following enzymes acts to produce monoglycerides as products? - lipase, amylase, trypsin, phosphatase, ligase

Answer 61

Lipase