Digestive System

Question 1

What is the essential property of life related to nutrition?

Answer 1

Acquiring energy from the environment

Question 2

What are producers in the context of nutrition?

Answer 2

Plants that acquire energy from sunlight and prepare their food

Question 3

What are consumers and decomposers in the context of nutrition?

Answer 3

Animals that acquire energy from plants, other animals, or organic materials

Question 4

Define herbivores.

Answer 4

Plant eaters, e.g. goat

Question 5

Define carnivores.

Answer 5

Flesh or meat eaters, e.g. lion

Question 6

Define omnivores.

Answer 6

Mixed food eaters, e.g. bear, crows

Question 7

Define detritivores.

Answer 7

Organisms that consume dead organic matter, e.g. earthworms

Question 8

What is dentition?

Answer 8

The arrangement and types of teeth in animals according to their mode of nutrition

Question 9

What are the four types of teeth in humans?

Answer 9

• Incisors
• Canines
• Premolars
• Molars

Question 10

What is the function of the oral cavity in digestion?

Answer 10

Food selection, grinding food, lubrication, and chemical digestion

Question 11

What enzyme is found in saliva?

Answer 11

Amylase

Question 12

What is the function of the pharynx in the digestive system?

Answer 12

Helps in swallowing by closing the trachea and nasal cavity pathways

Question 13

What is peristalsis?

Answer 13

The series of muscular contractions that move food down the esophagus

Question 14

What is the primary function of the stomach?

Answer 14

Storage of food and digestion of proteins

Question 15

What is the role of gastric juice?

Answer 15

• Contains mucus
• Hydrochloric acid
• Pepsinogen

Question 16

What does pepsin do?

Answer 16

Converts proteins to peptides

Question 17

Name the three parts of the small intestine.

Answer 17

• Duodenum
• Jejunum
• Ilium

Question 18

What occurs in the duodenum?

Answer 18

Most of the digestion occurs here

Question 19

What is the function of bile?

Answer 19

Helps in fat digestion and emulsification

Question 20

What happens in the ilium?

Answer 20

Absorption of nutrients takes place

Question 21

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 21

Absorption of water from undigested matter

Question 22

What is feces?

Answer 22

The remaining semi-solid mass stored in the rectum

Question 23

What is the effect of increased motility in the large intestine?

Answer 23

Less water reabsorption leading to diarrhea

Question 24

What is the effect of decreased motility in the large intestine?

Answer 24

Constipation, resulting in feces with less than normal water

Question 25

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

Answer 25

Produces bile and performs various metabolic functions

Question 26

What is deamination?

Answer 26

The process of converting ammonia to urea in the liver

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The digestive system in human beings is adapted for _______.

Answer 27

omnivorous nutrition

Question 28

List the basic components of the human digestive system.

Answer 28

* Alimentary canal * Accessory glands

Question 29

How do humans determine the quality of food?

Answer 29

By looking at and smelling the food

Question 30

List various functions of the small intestine.

Answer 30

* Digestion of food * Absorption of nutrients * Emulsification of fats

Question 31

List various functions of the liver and pancreas.

Answer 31

* Liver: produces bile, deamination, blood cell destruction * Pancreas: produces digestive enzymes