Digestive System

Question 1

What does the GI stand for?

Answer 1

Gastrointestinal tract

Question 2

What is the the main role of your digestive system?

Answer 2

To metabolize food (storing, breaking down, absorbing food)

Question 3

True/false
Your digestive system is a long tube that runs through your body from your mouth to your anus

Answer 3

True

Question 4

How long is your digestive tract?

Answer 4

6-9m long

Question 5

What is peristalsis?

Answer 5

A contractile motion of muscle where food is moved through the esophagus.

Question 6

How long does it take for food to pass through the digestive system?

Answer 6

About 1-3 days

Question 7

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 7

Physical breakdown of food like chewing, stomach churning. This increases surface area of food.

Question 8

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 8

Use of enzymes to chemically break down food (lipases, proteases, carbohydrase)

Question 9

What is absorption?

Answer 9

The movement of nutrients and particles into the blood

Question 10

What is egestion?

Answer 10

Removing waste (poop)

Question 11

What is the purpose of chewing?

Answer 11

To create more surface area on food, allows enzymes to act more efficiently

Question 12

What are incisors?

Answer 12

Sharp teeth used for tearing (meat)

Question 13

What are molars?

Answer 13

Flat teeth for grinding (veggies)

Question 14

What is the bolus?

Answer 14

A ball of food formed in your mouth

Question 15

What macromolecule is broken down in your mouth?

Answer 15

Carbohydrates (by amylase in saliva)

Question 16

What does saliva do?

Answer 16

Lubricates and dissolves food

Question 17

What is the pharynx?

Answer 17

A pathway for both food and air, before the epiglottis

Question 18

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 18

A valve that covers the esophagus until you swallow, then covers the trachea so no food enters your lungs

Question 19

What is smooth muscle contraction?

Answer 19

Muscle contraction that you don’t consciously control

Question 20

What happens if the esophageal sphincter didn’t contract?

Answer 20

You would get stomach acids in your esophagus, causing “heartburn”

Question 21

How does the stomach hold up to 4L of food?

Answer 21

Folds in the stomach unfurl and expand for more room

Question 22

What are the functions of the stomach?

Answer 22

Storage of food, digestion, (Mainly protein) transporting chyme, (food) and some absorption.

Question 23

How does the stomach digest food mechanically?

Answer 23

The stomach uses mechanical digestion to churn and mix the food

Question 24

How does the stomach digest food chemically?

Answer 24

Uses HCL which comes from parietal cells, and kills bacteria. Also needed for enzymes to function because they need a ph of around 2. Enzyme called pepsin is activated by HCL

Question 25

What is pepsin?

Answer 25

The main protease in the stomach that comes from chief cells. Starts as pepsinogen (inactive) but becomes pepsin in the presence of HCL. Breaks down proteins into polypeptides.

Question 26

What is mucus?

Answer 26

Lines the stomach to protect against its own digestive juice.

Question 27

What is absorbed in the stomach?

Answer 27

Small amounts of water, medications (aspirin) amino acids (protein) and ethanol (alchohol)

Question 28

What ph is the mouth?

Answer 28

Around 6.7

Question 29

What two ducts enter the small intestine?

Answer 29

The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct

Question 30

What is the purpose of bile?

Answer 30

Bile contains an emulsifier which divides fat up into fat droplets

Question 31

What is the purpose of pancreatic juice?

Answer 31

Pancreatic juice contains enzymes that act on starch, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.

Question 32

What is the purpose of villi?

Answer 32

The villi contain exocrine which secrete enzymes to finish digestion by breaking disaccharides to monosaccharides and polypeptides to amino acids

Question 33

What other role do the villi play?

Answer 33

They also absorb the small nutrients that the enzymes they released broke down

Question 34

Where do small nutrients go after being absorbed by the villi?

Answer 34

The fats go to the lacteals and the others enter the hepatic portal vein. They then go to the liver where glucose is stored as glycogen

Question 35

Which part of the digestive tract does pancreatic juice enter?

Answer 35

Duodenum (small intestine)

Question 36

Which part of the tract does bile enter?

Answer 36

The small intestine

Question 37

Which parts of the digestive tract actually contain food in the process of being digested?

Answer 37

Mouth, small intestine, stomach

Question 38

What parts of the system are accessory organs?

Answer 38

Gall bladder, liver, pancreas, salivary glands

Question 39

What part of the digestive tract absorbs the most water ?

Answer 39

The large intestine

Question 40

Where does the food go after the stomach ?

Answer 40

It passes through the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine

Question 41

What two ducts enter the small intestine?

Answer 41

The common bile duct from the gall bladder and the pancreatic duct from the pancreas

Question 43

What are the enzymes in pancreatic juice?

Answer 43

Trypsin, chymotrypsin amylase, and lipase ( also contains bicarbonate which neutralizes stomach acid)

Question 44

True/false Does bile let lipase enzymes work more effectively due to higher surface area on the fats?

Answer 44

True

Question 45

What other functions does the liver have?

Answer 45

Breaks down hemoglobin, and stores the product in the gallbladder. Also stores vitamin a,b12, and d.

Question 46

What is the role of the duodenum?

Answer 46

The duodenum receives chyme (food) and enzymes from the pancreatic duct and bile from the gall bladder. Also the site of some absorption ex. Iron and the site of chemical digestion

Question 47

What is the role of the jejunum?

Answer 47

The jejunum is where most absorption occurs. Fats into lacteals then into lymphatic vessels and sugars and amino acids into blood.

Question 48

What is the role of the ileum?

Answer 48

The ileum is where the last of nutrient absorption occurs, absorbing things like vitamin b12