Digestive System

Question 1

Appendicitis

Answer 1

inflammation of the appendix (which is a trouble spot in the colon because it can easily get infected and bacteria may accumulate.)

Question 2

basal metabolic rate

Answer 2

the amount of heat produced by the body per unit of time when it is at rest (This reflects the energy needed to do normal activities such as breathing, maintaining heartbeat or kidney function. The ration is kilocalories/hour) This depends on surface area (how skinny or fat you are), age, and gender

Question 3

cellular respiration

Answer 3

an action that requires oxygen and shows what cells do after receiving o2. These events include glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron trasport chain. (equation = C6H12O2 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP)

Question 4

cirrhosis

Answer 4

chroni inflammatory condition when the liver is severely damaged/becomes hard + fibrous and caused by long term excess alcohol comsuption(due to lifestyle)

Question 5

cleft lip/palate

Answer 5

congenital defect of the palate and the lips that interferes with the feeding of a child. This is caused when the bones of the hard palate do not fuse and the upper lip is discontinuous.

Question 6

colitis

Answer 6

inflammation of the colon

Question 7

constipation

Answer 7

when food residue remains in the colon for long periods of time, and too much water is reabsorbed, causing the stool to become hard and difficult to defecate. It is caused by lack of fiber, poor stool habits, etc.

Question 8

cystic fibrosis

Answer 8

overprodcution of mucus that conflicts with the organ passageways, blocking the pancreatic duct, and preventing pancreatic juices/bile from getting to the small intestine. This interferes with one’s metabolism and prevents enzymes from reaching the duodenum to reach the chyme. It affects the lungs, but also primarily affecting the pancreas. (genetic)

Question 9

dentin

Answer 9

bone-like material that lies underneath the enamel and forms the bulk of the tooth

Question 10

Diarrhea

Answer 10

watery stool caused by irritation of the colon by bacteria. This condition rushes food residue through the large intestine before the organ has enough time to absorbs its nutrients. If prolonged, it can cause dehydration and a loss of electrolytes.

Question 11

Diverticulitis -

Answer 11

diverticula (mucosa sacs that protrudes the colon wall) becomes inflamed…can be life threatening if this layer ruptures.

Question 12

emesis

Answer 12

vomiting

Question 13

enamel

Answer 13

the hard, calcified substance that covers the crown of a tooth.

Question 14

essential amino acids -

Answer 14

8 amino acids that the body is unable to create on its own.
20 amino acids in total but 12 we make on our own

Question 15

fiber

Answer 15

important for our diet because it increases the strength of colon contractions and softens the stool, so that the colon may perform more efficiently.

Question 16

frostbite

Answer 16

condition where cells become too cold so they begin developing ice crystals, and lack nutrients and oxygen, and therefore will die.

Question 17

gallstone

Answer 17

when bile is stored in the gallbladder for a prolonged amount of time or if too much water is removed from the fluid, the cholesterol/calcium found in the bile will begin to crystalize. These stones can get caught in the ducts, and cause agonizing pain.

Question 18

Gastroenteritis

Answer 18

inflammation of the GI tract caused by extremely spicing or irritating foods.

Question 19

haustra

Answer 19

pocket like sacs caused by the tone of longitudinal muscle bands of the colon.

Question 20

heartburn

Answer 20

pain in the esophagus due to reflux of gastric juices + cardioesophageal sphincter fails to close

Question 21

hepatitis

Answer 21

inflammation of the liver can cause jaudice

Question 22

hiatal hernia

Answer 22

structural abnormality in which the superior part of the stomach protrudes over the diaphragm and can cause heartburn.

Question 23

jaundice

Answer 23

accumulation of bile pigments in the blood producing a yellow tint in the skin and can cause blockage of the ducts

Question 24

lingual frenulum

Answer 24

fold of the mucus membrane + secures the tongue to the mouth, limiting the tongues posterior movement.

Question 25

mesentery

Answer 25

double layered membrane of the peritoneum that supports most organs in the abdominal cavity and stores fat. (includes routes for nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels.)

Question 26

minerals

Answer 26

a inorganic type of minor nutrient that is required in small amounts

Question 27

Pancreatitis

Answer 27

rare inflammation the pancreas that results from an activation of the pancreatic enzymes in the pancreatic duct. (this causes the pancreas to digest itself, and can lead to nutritional defficiences)

Question 28

parietal peritoneum

Answer 28

lining of the abdominal cavity that is continuous with the visceral peritoneum of the digestive tract.

Question 29

PKU

Answer 29

rare genetic disorder wehre the body is unable to break down an amino acid (AKA:phenylalanine). This usually means that the body is absent of the enzyme or the enzyme is present, but not working, and there for can lead to a buildup of the A.A in the brain/body, causing intellectual disabilities, and brain damage. Whne a diet perscribed of low phenylalanine is given to a child with PKU, it can help prevent brain damage. (low protein diet)

Question 30

rugae

Answer 30

ridges in the mucosa of the stomach

Question 31

shivering

Answer 31

a heat promoting mechanism where the body uncontrollably shakes due to being below regular body temperature. (skeletal muscles contract to generate heat!)

Question 32

total metabolic rate

Answer 32

total amount of kilocalories the body must consume to fuel all ongoing activities. (muscle work increases TMR)

Question 33

ulcer

Answer 33

when the stomach digests itself due to the high acidic environment (caused by HCL + protein enzymes)

Question 34

uvula

Answer 34

fleshy finger-like projection off of the soft palate

Question 35

vasocontriction

Answer 35

narrowing of the blood vessels which causes the skin to become cool.

Question 36

visceral peritoneum

Answer 36

outermost layer of the digestive tract and is AKA the serosa (is continuous with the parietal peritoneum) and has serous producing cells

Question 37

vitamins

Answer 37

an organic type of minor nutrient that is required in small amounts

Question 38

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Answer 38

a child is born with his trachea and esophagus connected and the esophagus leads to a blind sac that is NOT the stomach